Thinking in English
Thinking in English is a podcast for intermediate and advanced English learners who want to do more than just study grammar and vocabulary. Each episode explores fascinating topics, from politics, economics, and history to philosophy, science, and culture. Instead of simply learning English, this podcast helps you learn in English, expanding your knowledge and improving your language skills simultaneously.
Episodes
391. Why Is the UAE Leaving OPEC? And What Is OPEC Anyway? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
The United Arab Emirates has announced that it is leaving OPEC (the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) after almost sixty years as a member. Why does this matter?
Well, oil is still one of the most important resources in the world. The price of oil affects how much we pay for petrol, the cost of transporting food, airline tickets, electricity, and much more. When oil prices rise,
390. What are the “New” Seven Wonders of the World? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
Thousands of years ago, Ancient Greek travellers created a list of the most extraordinary sights they encountered: the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
These included places like the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Lighthouse of Alexandria, and the Colossus of Rhodes. Today though, only one still survives: the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt.
So, in the early 2000s, a huge international campai
389. What Was the First Book Ever Written? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
Humans have been speaking languages for tens of thousands of years. We told stories around fires, passed down myths from parents to children, and memorised important information about survival and history. But for a very long time, nobody could write anything down.
Then, at some point, humans invented writing.
Writing allowed people to record laws, preserve stories, collect knowledge, and commun
388. Is the American Dream Dead? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
If you work hard, can you build yourself a better life?
For a long time, millions of people believed the answer in the USA was yes. The “American Dream” is the idea that anyone, no matter where they start in life, can achieve success through hard work and determination. You could own a home, have a stable job, raise a family, and earn more than your parents.
But today, many people in the US are
387. Why Are Some People Always Late? The Cultural Meaning of Time (English Vocabulary Lesson)
You are invited to a party. The invitation says the party starts at 20:00. What time will you arrive?
Your answer to this question has a lot to do with your culture. Some of you will have said 20:00 exactly, because that is when the part stats. Others will have said 19:45, because it is polite to be early. Others will have said 20:30… or 21:00… or later because it is awkward to arrive too early
386. Who Was Leonardo Da Vinci? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
Leonardo Da Vinci was one of the greatest minds in history.
He painted some of the most famous works of art ever: the Mona Lisa, Last Supper, and more. He was also a scientist, an engineer, an anatomist, and an inventor.
He is often described as the perfect example of a “Renaissance man.” A Renaissance man is someone who is skilled in many different areas, especially during the time of the Renai
385. Should We Boycott the 2026 World Cup? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
Four years ago, I made an episode titled “Should we boycott the Qatar World Cup?”
As you might remember, the tournament in Qatar was surrounded by criticism. There were concerns about human rights, especially the treatment of migrant workers who helped build the stadiums. There were some calls for fans, players, or countries to refuse to take part.
But despite all of that, the World Cup still we
384. The Scramble for Africa (English Vocabulary Lesson)
In the 1870s, about ten percent of Africa had been colonised by European countries. But over the next few decades, over ninety percent of the continent was taken, occupied, divided, and partitioned by governments far away in places like London, Berlin, and Paris.
We call this period in history the “Scramble for Africa.” In a remarkably short period of time, countries like Britain, France, Germany
383. What Is Talent? And Do You Need It to Learn English? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
“I’m just not good at learning languages.”
I’m sure many of you listening right now have thought this before. And I’m sure you’ve thought the opposite about people you have met in the past: “Wow, she’s so talented at English” or “He has a gift for languages.”
These kinds of comments are incredibly common. Many people believe that success in language learning depends mostly on talent. Some people
382. Rwanda: Economic Miracle or Authoritarian State? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
In 1994, the small African country of Rwanda experienced one of the worst genocides in modern history. Over a one-hundred-day period, an estimated 800,000 people were murdered. The genocide shocked the world and left Rwanda devastated.
But if you visit Rwanda today, you would probably be surprised at that history.
The country is often described as one of Africa’s greatest success stories. Its ca
381. Easter Island: Mystery, Moai, and the Edge of the World (English Vocabulary Lesson)
Imagine living in a place so remote that the nearest inhabited land is over two thousand kilometres away. No neighbours. No easy escape. Just ocean in every direction. And across the island are hundreds of giant stone heads, carved by hand.
This place exists… and people have lived there for centuries.
This episode will look at Easter Island, or Rapa Nui as it is known locally. Easter Island is i
380. What is Poverty? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
What does poverty really mean?
When we hear the word poverty, I think many of us imagine extreme situations, like homelessness, starvation, or people living in very poor conditions. But poverty is far more complex, and far more widespread, than we often realise.
According to the United Nations, more than 700 million people (around 10 percent of the world’s population) still live in extreme pover
379. Do You Know How to Ask Great Questions?
Do you know how to ask great questions?
A few years ago, back in 2022, I released an episode called How to Ask Better Questions in English. And today’s episode is an update to that original one.
The core idea is the same, because it’s still important, but a lot has changed since then. I’ve changed as a podcaster and an educator, and I think English learners’ needs have changed too. In fact, the
378. Moving to the UK?: UK’s New Immigration Policies Explained! (English Vocabulary Lesson)
Is it becoming harder to move to a new country?
Everywhere seems to be tightening the rules. Canada, the US, Australia, Europe, Japan, the UK. Countries that once focused on attracting people are now focused on control, limits, and conditions. And these changes are happening fast.
If you’re thinking about moving to the UK, already living in the UK, or interested in how the world and immigration
377. History of Berlin! (English Vocabulary Lesson)
Berlin is one of the most iconic cities in the world. Few cities have been destroyed so completely, divided so deeply, and then rebuilt so many times.
Understanding Berlin’s past helps us understand the development of Germany and Europe. The rise of empires, the impact of nationalism, the horrors of totalitarianism, and the tension of the Cold War are all part of this city’s history. Berlin’s s
376. Who was Alan Turing? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
Every time you type a message, unlock your phone, or trust a computer to make a decision, you’re relying on the ideas of someone you may never have heard of and probably never learned about at school.
That person is Alan Turing. He was a British mathematician, logician, and wartime codebreaker, and one of the most important figures in modern science and technology.
Turing helped lay the foun
375. Do We Live in a Surveillance Society? – Prepositions of Place (English Grammar Lesson)
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Last year, I was walking on the street back home in the UK, and I started noticing just how many security cameras there were around me. There were cameras on lampposts, cameras in shops, and cameras at train stations, q
374. Is There an AI Bubble? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
Artificial intelligence is everywhere right now. We use it to write emails, generate images, recommend videos, and even help study English. Some people believe AI will completely change the world, just like the internet did. Others are more sceptical and worry that the excitement has gone too far.
Every day on the news, we hear about new AI startups worth billions of dollars, governments invest
373. What is Code-Switching?: A Guide for English Learners (English Vocabulary Lesson)
Today we’re going to explore a topic that I notice again and again whenever I work with bilingual people, speak with people who are studying a second language, and actually notice inside my own family: code switching.
You’ve probably done it yourself. You start a sentence in English, suddenly use a word from your native language, then switch back again. This is a form of code switching and is e
372. Does History Repeat Itself? – Prepositions of Time (English Grammar Lesson)
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People often say history repeats itself… but does it really?
When we look back at the past, certain events feel strangely familiar. Pandemics that spread across the world. Wars that change everything. Economic crashes
371. Charles Darwin: Greatest Scientist of All Time? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
In the 19th century, a quiet, curious naturalist named Charles Darwin proposed a theory that went on the shake science, religion, and philosophy. Darwin introduced a new way of thinking about life itself.
His theory of evolution by natural selection revealed that every species (humans included) changes over time, adapts to its environment, and shares common ancestors.
In today’s episode of T
370. What is the World’s Oldest Civilisation? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
People love to debate history, especially when it comes to who was first. Last year, I made an episode about the oldest country in the world. I argued that the answer might be San Marino, because it has a long, continuous history as an independent state.
And the reaction from listeners was… quite intense! I received comments from people around the world saying things like: “No, Egypt is older!”
369. History of Australia! (English Vocabulary Lesson)
Australia is a country that many English learners dream of visiting, studying in, or even working in. Its beaches, culture, and cities are famous all over the world. But how much do you really know about the history of this country?
In today’s episode, I want to discuss the development of Australia, from the first Aboriginal Australians who arrived tens of thousands of years ago, to the European
368. How to Make Resolutions for 2026 (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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Last year, I made an episode where I openly shared my goals and New Year’s resolutions for 2025. Now, it’s time to look back and see how I did.
In this episode, I’ll review my 2025 goals. I’ talk about what I achieved, what I only partially achieved, and where I failed. And there were defi
End of Year Update & Free Bonus Episode
This is a short end-of-year bonus episode of Thinking in English. In this episode, I share a few important updates as we move towards the new year.
The Thinking in English AGM 2025 (Bonus Episode)
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367. The Strange Story of Christmas Island: Exploitation, Occupation, and Refugees! (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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Welcome to a special Thinking in English Christmas episode!
Today’s lesson isn’t about Santa Claus, reindeer, Christmas trees, or anything you might normally expect at this time of year. Instead, I want to talk about a place that literally carries the
366. Do We Live in a Post-Truth Society? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
In a world of social media, fake news, and deepfakes… how can we know what’s true anymore?
The phrase “post-truth” has become one of the defining ideas of our time. Politicians lie without consequence, misinformation spreads faster than facts, and many people seem to trust their feelings more than solid evidence. As a result, truth itself seems less influential than emotion or personal belief.
365. Who Was Ramanujan? The Greatest Mathematician of All Time? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
Today I want to talk about one of the greatest mathematicians of all time. A genius who, with almost no formal training, made mathematical discoveries that still astonish experts today. His name is Srinivasa Ramanujan, and his story is as extraordinary as the mathematical formulas he created.
Despite growing up in poverty and facing enormous challenges, Ramanujan produced ideas that continue to s
364. What is the EU? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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What is the EU?
Is it just a group of countries in Europe? Is it a trade bloc? Or is it something much more complex?
When people talk about the EU, they often mention things like the Euro, the Schengen Zone, or European laws, but many people don’t actually know what the EU really is
363. History of Mexico City! (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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The biggest city in North America isn’t New York or Los Angeles, it’s Mexico City.
Mexico City is also the oldest capital city in the entire Americas and the largest Spanish-speaking city in the world.
Today, this enormous metropolis is home to over twenty million people. But its sto
362. What is the 2025 Word of the Year? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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The Collins Dictionary Word of the Year is… Vibe Coding!
In this Thinking in English episode, I’m going to define and explain the term vibe coding and talk about why it was chosen as the Word of the Year by Collins Dictionary. I’ll also discuss some of the other contender
361. What Are Idioms, Euphemisms, and Slang? (And Should You Learn Them?) (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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Have you ever heard someone say, “kick the bucket” or “pass away,” and felt confused? They both have the meaning of “die”… but are used in different contexts.
English, like all languages, is full of phrases and expressions that don’t always make sense if you look at the wor
360. What is Wales? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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When people think of the United Kingdom, they often think of England. Maybe, on a rare occasion, they might also think of Scotland. But the United Kingdom is made up of four historic countries, including the proud nation of Wales.
Wales is a small country with a big identit
359. History of Vampires (English Vocabulary Lesson)
When you hear the word vampire, what comes to mind? Dracula? The Twilight books? Ancient castles in Transylvania?
What if I told you that vampire stories are much older, and much stranger, than you think?
In today’s Halloween special episode of Thinking in English, we’re going to explore the history of vampires. We’ll start with ancient superstitions and medieval fears, move on to the vampires o
358. History of Rome (English Vocabulary Lesson)
When you imagine the city Rome, what comes to mind?
Maybe the Colosseum, the Vatican, one of the largest empires in history, or delicious pasta? Rome isn’t just Italy’s capital; it’s also one of the most influential cities in human history.
In today’s Thinking in English episode, we are going to take a journey through time, from the mythical founding of the city by Romulus and Remus, through the
357. The Great Fire of London: Passive Voice (English Grammar Lesson)
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In 1666, most of London was destroyed. Over 13,000 houses were burned, thousands of people were made homeless, and the entire city had to be rebuilt. The event I’m talking about is one of the most famous disasters in Eng
356. What is a Podcast? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
What actually is a podcast?
You probably think you know. You might think you are listening to one right now. But are you actually?
The definition of the word podcast has been changing over the past few years. I’ve been thinking about this a lot recently, especially with platforms like Spotify and YouTube changing how we listen and what podcast means.
Video podcasts, for example, are everywhe
355. My Greatest Language Challenge: Learning to Drive in Another Language (English Vocabulary Lesson)
Imagine learning to drive… joining classes, talking to driving instructors, and taking theory exams in a foreign language. That’s exactly what I just did. Two weeks ago, I passed my Japanese driving test!
It wasn’t easy. I went from knowing almost nothing about Japanese road signs, traffic rules, or driving terminology to passing both my provisional and main license written tests on the first try
354. What is Gerrymandering? And Other Useful Political Terms! (English Vocabulary Lesson)
In today’s episode, I am going to talk about a very interesting political topic: gerrymandering.
Gerrymandering is when politicians create voting districts in a way that gives one political party an advantage over the others.
This topic is incredibly relevant right now, and constantly in the news in the USA. This year, Texas and some other US states have decided to redraw their congressional map
353. Marie Curie: The Greatest Scientist of All Time? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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Today, we’re diving into the fascinating life of Marie
Skłodowska Curie. Was she the greatest scientist ever?
Well… maybe!
She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the only
person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields, and a true
pioneer in the study of radioactivity.
In this epis
352. What is the United Nations Security Council? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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In recent weeks the United Nations Security Council has met to discuss Israel’s planned military expansion in Gaza, to reject the creation of a rival government in Sudan, and hear reports of conflicts in Yemen, Syria, and at the Thailand/Cambodia border.
The Security Council is a powerful, yet controversial,
351. History of Istanbul! (English Vocabulary Lesson)
Which city has been the capital of three different empires? Which city is located on two continents at the same time? And which city has been known throughout history by three very different names, including Byzantium and Constantinople?
The answer, of course, is Istanbul.
Today, we’re going to explore the fascinating history of this city. For over 2,500 years, Istanbul has stood at the crossroa
350. The Ship of Theseus: What Makes Something Truly the Same? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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What makes something the same object over time, even if all of its parts are replaced?
This might sound like a strange question, but it’s one of the oldest and most interesting puzzles in philosophy. And we still ask similar questions all the time: about identity, technology, arti
349. How to Become an Expert in English (or Anything Else!) (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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What does it really take to become an expert English speaker?
How do some people reach such a high level of fluency, while others seem to struggle for years without much progress? Is it talent? Luck? Or something else?
Recently, I rewatched a fascinating video from one of my favo
348. What is Universal Basic Income? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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Today we are going to look at an interesting and often controversial idea: Universal Basic Income, or UBI for short.
Let me ask you a question: What if the government gave everyone free money, no strings attached?
No matter who you are, where you work, or how much you earn; just
347. Stoicism, Existentialism, and More...: Philosophy for Frustrated English Learners! (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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You’re studying every day… but you feel stuck. You forget vocabulary. You hesitate to speak. And you start to wonder…
“Why am I even doing this?”
If this sounds familiar, you’re not alone. Many English learners experience frustration, boredom, or burnout at some point on their jo
346. History of New York! (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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Today, we are going to talk about the history of New York city. New York is one of the most famous cities in the world. Its history is interesting and important, and I think also relevant for people learning English.
Why? Because by learning about New York’s history, you can under
345. How To Immerse Yourself in English in 2025? (English Learning Podcast)
Have you ever heard the word immersion?
In language learning, immersion means surrounding yourself with English in your daily life. Instead of only studying from textbooks, you try to listen, read, speak, and think in English as much as possible. It’s a popular and powerful method to improve quickly and naturally.
I first talked about language immersion on this podcast a few years ago. But sinc
344. What is Survivorship Bias? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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Today, I want to talk about a bias that affects how we think about success. It’s called survivorship bias, and it might be the reason you’re feeling discouraged, unmotivated, or frustrated with your English.
We’ll look at what survivorsh
343. What is the World’s Oldest Country? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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What is the world's oldest country?
This question is not as easy to answer as you might think. We need to discuss what a country actually is, the differences between empires, civilisations, and countries, and then find a place that fits thi
342. History of London (English Vocabulary Lesson)
London is one of the most famous cities in the world. It is the capital of the United Kingdom. It is a financial centre. An entertainment centre. A culture centre. An academic and educational centre.
But how much do you know about the city’s history?
Today, we are going to go on an historical journey from the Roman invasion of the island of Britain 2000 years ago to the modern day.
Hopefully yo
What Happens When You Stop Studying English? - Subordinating Conjunction (English Grammar Lesson)
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What happens when you stop studying English? I’m sure many of you have thought about this before.
Will your English get worse? Will you still be able to have conversations? And what can
341. History of YouTube! (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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YouTube is now 20 years old!
It was officially launched back in 2005, and over the past two decades it has completely transformed the way we use the internet.
Today, over 2.5
340. Winston Churchill: Hero or Villain? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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Have you ever heard the phrase, “History is written by the victors?”
It suggests that the people who win wars and lead countries often control how we remember the past. And perh
Censorship, Misinformation, and the Future of Free Speech: Paired Conjunctions (English Grammar Lesson)
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In many countries, free speech is a fundamental or
339. Pluto: What is a Planet? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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How many planets are in our solar system? Is it eight… or nine?
For a long time, children around the world were taught that our solar system had nine planets, including a small, distant
338. History of Nagasaki: From Christianity to Atomic Bombs! (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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A few weeks ago, I took a trip to the southern Japanese city of Nagasaki.
Nagasaki is an incredible place with a lot of fascinating history. It was one of the only Christian cities in Ja
337. Isaac Newton: The Greatest Scientific Mind of All Time? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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In this episode of Thinking in English, I want to explore the life, work, and legacy of Isaac Newton.
We’ll look at
336. Who Am I? The Story of Thinking in English (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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Should Companies Let Employees Work from Home? - Causative Grammar (English Grammar Lesson)
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Should companies let employees work from hom
335. The Most Important Moment in British History? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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What was the most important moment in English history? What event had the biggest consequences and most influential impact?
Today I want to look at a few moments in the past 1000 years t
334. High-Context vs. Low-Context Cultures: Why Context Matters in English Learning (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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Recently, I have been thinking a lot about challenges that language learners face when communicating. Learning vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation are obviously difficult tasks, but I
City Life vs. Rural Life: Comparatives of Inferiority (English Grammar Lesson)
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Percy Fawcett | The Real Life Indiana Jones (English Learning for Curious Minds)
This is a podcast feed swap with the amazing English Learning for Curious Mind Podcast
In this episode of English Learning for Curious Minds, we'll explore the incredible story of Percy Fawcett, a daring British explorer who vanished in the Amazon rainforest while searching for the mythical city he called "Z."
Often compared to a real-life Indiana Jones, Fawcett's life was filled with adventure,
333. What is Success? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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Today I want to talk about success. I want to discuss what it means to be successful.
Is success about wealth, power, or recognition? Or is it something more personal and evolving?
In thi
332. What is Fast Fashion? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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Fast fashion has revolutionised the clothing industry. Companies like Zara and SHEIN release new clothing designs at a fast past, create designs that are trending and stylish, and do it al
Is Football Better Than Basketball? - Comparative Adjectives (English Grammar Lesson)
Football and basketball are two of the most popular sports in the world, but which one is better?
Which sport has faster players? Which sport is more exciting to watch? Which sport is more popular globally?
Today I want to compare football and basketball. In order to talk about this topic, and similar topics, we need to understand and know how to use comparisons of superiority and comparative ad
331. What is Foreign Aid? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
What is foreign aid? What are the different types of aid? Why do countries give or loan money to other countries? And why is this such a controversial thing?
Today, we are going to discuss all these questions and think in depth about aid (as well as learning some new vocabulary).
TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2025/03/10/331-what-is-foreign-aid-english-vocabulary-lesson/
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330. How To Move Abroad? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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I have lived abroad for about 5 of the past 8 or 9 years. I have lived in Japan as a worker, a student, and now a spouse (and also in Taiwan as a student too).
People often ask me how I moved overseas, so today I want to t
The Best Way to Travel? - Comparisons of Equality (English Grammar Lesson)
I’m sure many of you love to visit new places, but what is the best way to travel?
Some people love to make their trips as cheap as possible. Others like to book first class flights that can be as expensive as a new car.
Today I want to compare budget and luxury travel. In order to talk about this topic, and similar topics, we need to understand and know how to use comparisons of equality (be as
329. Why Is American English Different to British English? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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Today I want to discuss Noah Webster, the man who played a major role in creating American English.
We’ll talk about his life and motivations, his famous dictionary, and some of the words and spe
328. What is Populism? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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Populism is on the rise. Across the world, politicians and political parties are becoming increasingly populist.
Today, I want define populism. We’ll discuss what populism means, think about som
Spotify Has Been Revolutionising Streaming for Nearly 20 Years - Present Perfect Continuous (English Grammar Lesson)
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Since being founded in 2006, Spotify has been revolutionising and influencing the way peopl
327. The Future of Greenland? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
Donald Trump wants to buy, or take over, Greenland. Since the end of December, he has been consistently discussing the Arctic island becoming part of the USA.
His son has travelled there, his has refused to rule out military involvement, and his comments have angered Denmark and other European countries.
Why does Trump want Greenland? Why is Greenland currently Danish? And what will actually hap
326. Should Social Media Be Banned for Children? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
Australia is banning children from all social media platforms. Under a newly passed law, no one under the age of 16 will be allowed to use Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, TikTok, or any similar platform.
Today, I want to take a deeper look at the reasons behind banning social media, as well as some criticisms and challenges.
We’ll end by thinking about the question, “Should Social Media Be Banned
The 2008 Financial Crisis and Housing Bubble - Past Perfect Continuous (English Grammar Lesson)
STUDY PACK - https://www.patreon.com/thinkinginenglish/shop/study-packs-past-present-and-future-807289
The world was hit by a major recession in the year 2008, caused in part by a massive housing bubble in the United States. Banks had been lending money to almost anyone (even if they couldn’t afford it) and investors had been assuming that house prices would continue rising.
They were wrong.
325. Attending Language School: My Experiences (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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In 2019, I enrolled in a Chinese language school in Taiwan. Today, I want to talk about my experiences.
I’ll discuss why I decided to go to a language school, what an average day at language school looked like
324. How to Set Goals for 2025? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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This episode is a little different to typical Thinking in English episodes. Last year, I publicly revealed 6 New Year’s resolutions or goals for 2024.
Today, I am going to review these goals, consider whether I achieved them or failed them, talk about how to set good goals,
323. What Do You Eat for Christmas Dinner? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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What do you eat during the holidays?
Around the world, we associate different and diverse dishes with special occasions and celebrations like Christmas. Today, I want to explore some of these dishes!
I’ll talk about Christmas food in the UK (where I’m from) and Japan (where I live). I also asked the wonde
Medicine Before the Discovery of Germs - Past Perfect (English Grammar Lesson)
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Before the development of germ theory and the discovery of bacteria and viruses, medicine relied on ancient theories that often caused more harm than good. Without modern knowledge, doctors had often used dangerous procedur
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