Eyes For Ears
An Ophthalmology education podcast for OKAP and board review, with additional interview and 'boot camp' episodes. Tune in weekly with your hosts Ben Young, Andrew Pouw, and Amanda Redfern as we review high yield topics in the time it takes to commute.
Episodes
Toxocara
Ben and Andrew review toxocariasis and its gnarly lifecycle, why every ophthalmologist needs to know about it, treatment, and more.
We wish everyone about to take OKAPs the best of luck!
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease
Ben and Amanda review VKH, including terminology, key findings, stages, and differential diagnoses.
Albinism
Ben and Andrew review how oculocutaneous and ocular albinism affect the eye, genetics of these problems, and other systemic conditions that cause albinism.
Pediatric Spectacle Prescription Pearls
Andrew and Ben simplify the nuances of how to prescribe glasses for children, and why you sometimes shouldn't just give the refraction you measured. There are relevant pearls for what they'll test you on in the boards, and practical tips for the clinic.
LASIK Flap Complications
Amanda and Ben discuss problems that can happen with LASIK flaps, including diffuse lamellar keratitis, infectious keratitis, epithelial ingrowth, and more!
Iris Tumors
Amanda and Andrew dive into the world of iris tumors, and other related spots and nodules. When do you watch? When is it melanoma? Find out in this episode!
Colobomas
This week, Amanda and Andrew review colobomas, from embryologic causes, anatomy, and systemic concerns when you find it.
Duane Syndrome with Dr Srav Vegunta
Eyes for Ears is finally back! We are re-opening with a great lesson about Duane Syndrome by Dr Srav Vegunta, who is both a pediatric ophthalmologist and neuro-ophthalmologist at the Moran Eye Center at the University of Utah.
The Rings of Trauma
Ben and Andrew review the seven rings of ocular trauma, a closed globe injury phenomenon.
Entropion
Amanda and Ben do a rapid fire, oral boards style review of entropion.
To those taking oral boards this week, the whole team wishes you the best of luck!
Pseudostrabismus
Ben and Amanda do a rapid review of what to think about when encountering pseudostrabismus on oral boards or in the clinic.
This is part of our oral boards review series, which is designed for review in the style of oral boards, and may not be as in-depth as our regular episodes.
Bilateral Disc Edema
Amanda rapidly reviews the differential, workup and management of bilateral disc edema with Ben.
This is part of our oral boards review series which is designed for rapid review in the style of oral boards, and does not delve as deeply into topics as our standard episodes.
Unilateral Disc Edema
Amanda and Ben review differential diagnosis and management if you're presented with a patient with unilateral disc edema, either for oral boards or in the clinic.
This is part of our oral boards review series for rapid review, and won't go into as full depth as our more focused episodes.
Pediatric Exotropia
Today, we do a fast-paced review of pediatric exotropia for the oral boards or the clinic.
(Edit: But not THAT fast, if you downloaded a previous version of this episode that was playing at a higher speed, it has now been fixed!)
Pediatric Esotropia
We review the rapid rundown of what to remember about pediatric esotropia for the oral boards or the clinic.
As a reminder, these oral board review episodes will not extensively review the topic, but rather review it at the pace we feel is helpful as a refresher.
Peripheral Corneal Thinning
Today we review five causes of peripheral corneal thinning we should all know, and how to differentiate between them.
True Lies with Otana Jakpor
Kellogg resident Dr Otana Jakpor takes us through a challenging case of transient monocular vision loss, and possibly exposes host Ben Young as a liar!
An Anisocoria Mystery Case with Nikhil Bommakanti
This week we run through a challenging pupil emergency with PGY4 resident Nikhil Bommakanti, and learn something new about anisocoria and the art of medicine.
We also mention a great, free and easy to use data visualizing app that Nikhil developed to get a better grasp of how your ACGME surgical case log is progressing:
https://github.com/nbommakanti/surgical_case_dashboard
Acquired Astigmatism
We review the causes of acquired astigmatism in this brief episode, oral boards review style.
Acquired Hyperopic Shifts
Amanda and Ben do an oral-board style review of the differential of hyperopic shifts.
Neuro-Ophth Tips and Traps with Dr Jonathan Trobe
We go through four common but tricky neuro-ophthalmology clinical scenarios with Dr. Jonathan Trobe, head of neuro-ophthalmology at the Kellogg Eye Center at the University of Michigan, who discusses his tips on how to succeed, and common traps he's seen throughout his career.
If you enjoyed this episode, check out Dr Trobe's free open-access medical educational website, Neuro-Ophthalmology at Y
Acquired Myopic Shifts
This week, Amanda and Ben do an oral boards style focused review of the differential for acquired myopic shifts.
Intro to Oral Boards Review
Amanda and Ben discuss their experience with studying for oral boards, and share their study tips and what they wish they had done differently. Please note that the advice and opinions expressed are our own, and do not in any way represent the ABO. Further, any case examples discussed in this episode are theoretical, and do not represent what Ben or Amanda experienced on their test days.
Pigment Dispersion Syndrome
We review pigment dispersion syndrome, which can cause pigmentary glaucoma, one of the most common secondary open-angle glaucomas.
Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma
This week, find out what's so pseudo about pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, one of the most common causes of secondary open-angle glaucoma.
Medical Malpractice with Dr Jonathan Trobe
Learn what you need to know to prevent and prepare for medical malpractice lawsuits, and what it's like to be on the other side as an expert witness with Dr Jonathan Trobe, head of neuro-ophthalmology at the Kellogg Eye Center at the University of Michigan, as well as frequent expert witness in medico-legal cases.
Residency/Fellowship Rank List Reflections
For our 100th episode, we get Amanda, Andrew and Ben together to reflect on their residency and fellowship training to discuss what they thought was important and what they think is actually important in training and for their rank list.
These thoughts are our own, and do not reflect the opinions of any institution we have trained or worked at. Thank you to all of our supporters and listeners on t
Spot of Darkness with Nikhil Bommakanti
This week, we explore a mystery case of missing vision presented by the excellent University of Michigan resident, Nikhil Bommakanti.
Also, if you're a medical retina, surgical retina, or pediatric ophthalmology fellow, we are very interested in your thoughts and attitudes towards retinopathy of prematurity. It would be a huge help if you take the brief survey below:
https://umich.qualtrics.c
Corneal Transplants: Selection Criteria
After a hiatus, we're back this week to talk about corneal grafts, starting with selection criteria. Learn what disqualifies a donor cornea from being a transplant candidate, the preservation times and transport media, and the basics of the Cornea Donor Study.
Getting out of Neuro-ophth Trouble with Dr. Jonathan Trobe
In this episode, we present four neuro-ophth cases to Dr. Jonathan Trobe, division head of Neuro-Ophthalmology at the Kellogg Eye Center, where he dissects them to find the seemingly small details that can get us and our patients into big trouble if missed. Join along in his case analysis, and see if you can find where mistakes were made so you can avoid them yourself!
Dr. Trobe went to Harvard
Vitreous Fundamentals
Learn the fundamentals of vitreous composition and anatomy; important facts to know for beginning trainees, and higher level facts to memorize for senior trainees studying for boards.
Langherhans cell histiocytoses
Learn about the board testable exotic conditions that can affect the eye and surrounding bones:
Unifocal eosinophilic granuloma of the bone,
Multifocal eosinophilic granuloma of the bone (previously called Hand-Schuller-Christian disease)
Diffuse soft tissue histiocytosis (previously called Letterer-Siwe disease)
Juvenile and Adult Xanthogranulomas
Learn about the unusual condition juvenile xanthogranuloma, the four adult xanthogranulomas (Adult xanthogranuloma, Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma, Adult xanthogranuloma with asthma and periocular involvement, and Erdheim-Chester disease), and basics about histiocytes and giant cells.
Pentosan Polysulfate Associated Maculopathy with Dr. Nieraj Jain
Haven't read about PPS Maculopathy? Just because it isn't in your BCSC yet doesn't mean you won't need to learn about this newly described disease. We learn about it here from the man who first discovered it, Dr. Nieraj Jain, vitreoretinal surgeon and ophthalmic genetics expert at the Emory Eye Center. Learn how he came to realize he was seeing a previously undescribed disease associated with a co
Acute Angle Closure Management
This week, we return to acute angle closure and discuss how to manage this challenging disease. All residents will eventually need to know how to tackle this in the ED!
We reference this video during the episode, a demonstration of the Argon Laser Peripheral Iridoplasty technique, by Dr. Christopher Teng: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l2NYixE_0xQ
He also has videos demonstrating the traditio
Primary Angle Closure Fundamentals
Learn about angle closure, from fundamentals, to a deep dive into mechanisms of what makes angle closure occur. Plus, intro and intermediate gonioscopy tips!
AREDS and AREDS2 Trials
This week we review the Age-related Eye Diseases Studies (AREDS) which resulted in the AREDS and AREDS2 vitamin supplements for patients with age-related macular degeneration. Learn the finer points of when to actually prescribe them, the evidence behind them, and what to do in those odd edge cases.
Telemedicine in Ophthalmology with Dr. Grayson Armstrong
With the massive changes in non-urgent patient care caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, ophthalmology was one of the most affected specialties in the US and the World, with significant drops in patient volume with the initial shutdowns, and difficulty adapting as many other specialties did by delivering care remotely; ie with telemedicine.
Dr. Grayson Armstrong is the first and only telemedicine fell
The Minority Ophthalmology Mentorship Program with Drs. Keith Carter and Paul Lee
We discuss the Minorities in Ophthalmology Mentorship (MOM) Program, an academic program supported by the AAO and AUPO, with executive committee members:
Dr. Keith Carter, past president of AAO and AUPO, Chair of Ophthalmology at the University of Iowa, and Chair of MOM Executive Committee
Dr. Paul Lee, president elect of AUPO, Research Liaison for MOM, and President of NAEVR/AEVR and Chair of the
Orbital Lymphatic Malformations
This week we delve into orbital lymphatic malformations, also commonly called lymphangiomas. Learn the diagnostic pearls to identifying this potentially dangerous pediatric orbital tumor, and what's so tricky about their management.
Toxoplasmosis
This week we cover the life and times of toxoplasmosis in the eye, including a breakdown of toxoplasmosis' complex life cycle, the many manifestations it may have in the eye, diagnostic tests, and management paradigms.
Open Globes Part 2 with Dr. Grayson Armstrong
We return with Dr. Grayson Armstrong, recent chief resident at Mass Eye and Ear, where he ran the trauma service and did most of the globe repairs in New England, to learn surgical tips and tricks, run through a few globe cases, and how to handle intraoperative and post-operative challenges. Both clinically relevant and high yield board review material abound!
Grayson also tells us about an free
Open Globes Part 1 with Dr. Grayson Armstrong
This week we learn about the diagnosis and pre-operative management with Dr. Grayson Armstrong, who recently completed his chief residency at Mass Eye and Ear, where he ran the trauma service, and thus did many of the globe surgeries of New England. Even if you've managed a number of globes, you'll have a lot to learn with Grayson. Keep your eyes peeled for next week when we come back for part 2 t
Capillary Hemangiomas and PHACES syndrome
This week we review Capillary Hemangiomas. By consequence, we also review related associations, PHACES syndrome, and Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome.
Scleral Buckle Indications and Retinal Detachment Strategy with Dr. David Zacks
This week special guest host, Dr. David Zacks, professor at the Kellogg Eye Center at the University of Michigan, and vitreoretinal surgery fellowship director answers questions about basic strategies to repair retinal detachments, and when/why to use a scleral buckle.
Enlarged Corneal Nerves
This week we talk both about normal corneal nerves, and how understanding enlarged corneal nerves can help you one day save someone's life, with our technique for remembering the myriad causes of enlarged corneal nerves. Plus, as a bonus, we learn the clinical utility of The Notebook.
Aqueous Dynamics
This week we go with the flow, and explore all you need to know about the aqueous; production, content, drainage, and more. Plus, wait until the end of the episode to hear the finest eye joke of all time.
Bullseye with Dr. Anvesh Annadanam
This week, keep your eyes on target with Dr. Anvesh Annadanam, a Kellogg Eye Center resident, as teaches us about a patient with no complaints but much ado.
Drug-induced and Metabolic Cataracts
This week we cover the board/OKAP favorite peculiar cataracts caused by various drugs and metabolic conditions.
NAION
This week, we cover non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), as well as diagnostic pearls to differentiate optic neuropathies and retinopathies in general, and how to differentiate NAION from AAION.
Pregnancy and Eyes - From Fundus to Fundus
We bring back Maternal-Fetal-Medicine Fellow Dr. Fei Cai to teach us about what we should know about pregnant patients with eye problems.
If you liked this content, check out or recommend to an OB/Gyn friend Fei's own podcast, CREOGs over Coffee! https://creogsovercoffee.com/
Disclaimer:In this episode, we use the term "pregnant women" throughout. We mean to use the term pregnant people or preg
Capsular Opacification + YAG Laser Tips
This week, we talk about the various ways the capsular bag can become opacified after cataract surgery, and tips on how to use YAG to fix it.
Also, if you applied to the Ophthalmology Fellowship Match this cycle, take the following survey from a team at Yale to enter a $50 Amazon Gift Card raffle.
The study is IRB approved, and we hope it will provide fellowship programs with an understanding of t
Laser Fundamentals
We discuss the basic principles of ophthalmic lasers that guide how they work and how to use them. Plus we take brief asides into Archimedes lore and using Star Wars as a memory tool.
Dissociated Vertical Deviations
This week we unravel the peculiarities of the strabismic problem of dissociated vertical deviations (DVD)
Midnight Mystery with Dr. Michael Park
Crack this mystery case with our repeat guest host, PGY4 and Yale's Chief Resident Michael Park!
Pattern Strabismus
Straighten out the alphabet soup of pattern strabismus in this episode.
We refer you to this excellent video by Dr. Tim Root to orient yourself to eye muscle actions, tropias and phorias:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRYBOBSyzAU
And we make reference to this aircraft during the episode if you are curious:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairchild_Republic_A-10_Thunderbolt_II
Contracts and Negotiations with Employment Lawyer, Heidi Mason
Thinking about your first job or a new job? Amanda brings on Heidi Mason, JD, SHRM-CP, PHR to teach us about what we should be looking for in a contract, whether you really need to hire a lawyer (and what kind to get), how to negotiate, and much much more in this special episode!
Visual Fields
This episode, we field all questions one might have about visual fields, from fundamentals to finer details.
Recurrent Corneal Erosions
What walks like an abrasion, talks like an abrasion, but can look nothing like an abrasion? Find out this episode!
Also, if you are a medical student, help us fill out this survey regarding your experience in the OR during your ophthalmology elective. In collaboration with Straight from the Cutter's Mouth, we are working to evaluate if there are ways to improve your experience in the OR and clin
Fluorescein Angiography + Indocyanine Green Angiography
We review the incredible narrative of how FA was invented, simplify and streamline FA interpretation, review ICG and its uses, and leave off with a discussion of the use of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA). You'll also learn about FAs in cats!
Corneal Burns II: Chemical Injury
Learn to manage the most urgent of ophthalmic problems this week, and deepen your knowledge of management options this week as we talk about chemical burn injuries and how to manage them.
Corneal Burns I: Thermal, Freezing, Ultraviolet, plus more
This week, we're tackling corneal burns, part 1 of 2, where we cover all non-chemical types of corneal burns, including thermal, freezing, ultraviolet, infrared, and ionizing radiation type damage. Add the unusual ways these can present to your toolkit, and come back next week to learn about corneal chemical burns in part 2.
Ophthalmic Sutures
Don't get too tangled and learn about ophthalmic sutures this week, where we review types of suture, what gauge to you, what the different needle types mean, and some handy microsurgical tips.
Hyphema
We discuss both common and unusual causes of a common ophthalmology consult, and considerations for management in this week's episode. We include thoughts aimed to be helpful for both fresh ophthalmology residents taking call, and more seasoned residents prepping for boards/OKAP.
Macroaneurysms
Learn about the peculiarities retinal macroaneurysms in a micro package in this week's episode.
Binocularity + Stereoacuity Testing
Red glass, Worth dots, Bagolini lenses and more about how to test patients for stereoacuity and binocularity by frequent guest host Dr. Amanda Redfern. Navigate pediatrics and strabismus clinics with this episode!
Macular Telangectasias
Learn the many names, and curious course of macular telangectasias in this week's episode.
Buddy Call - The 20 Point Exam with Dr. Paul Gaudio (Rebroadcast)
Welcome to the new academic year with one of our favorite lectures that is perfect for any student or resident brushing up their skills to see patients, with our award-winning faculty Dr. Paul Gaudio.
This was released last year as part of our "Buddy Call" series, designed for new residents about to take call. If you liked this episode, you can search for our other Buddy Call episodes to learn mo
Panel on Applying for Residency with Drs. Nandini Gandhi, Fasika Woreta and Jessica Chow
This week, we talk with the program directors at UC Davis, the Wilmer Eye Institute and Yale about all the questions you had about applying for residency, especially in the time of COVID19. Topics ranged from application timing, how to contact your dream program for an interview, how much Step 1 and 2 really matter and much more.
If you are applying, please help with a survey being conducted by a
Under Pressure with Dr. Michael Park
This week, an unusual case of high eye pressure is brought to us by Dr. Michael Park, current Yale Chief Resident. Tune in to help us solve this medical mystery!
Vitreous Hemorrhage
This week, we review an organized differential diagnosis for vitreous hemorrhage for when you encounter it in the emergency room and clinic.
Ocular Radiation
We discuss the different types of radiation used in ophthalmology, and the ocular side effects of radiation.
Inpatient COVID19 Care (for the Outpatient Provider)
Many of ophthalmology trainees have or may be pulled soon to help staff the inpatient wards or the ICU give the current COVID19 pandemic. This week, we talk with Dr. Yuri Matusov, soon to be chief Pulm/ICU fellow at Cedars-Sinai Hospital, about how he takes COVID19 patients inpatient and in the ICU, geared for the outpatient specialist!
The Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Studies (COMS)
We review the Large, Medium and Small COMS studies, which have helped shape our understanding and management of ocular melanoma, and are foundational for any ophthalmologist to understand.
Also, dear listeners our frequent co-host Amanda Redfern is running a survey:
Are you a current ophthalmology resident or recent ophthalmology residency graduate? If so, I am conducting a survey on attitudes tow
Aniridia
We discuss the corneal, trabecular, lenticular, and retinal manifestations of congenital aniridia, as well as the need-to-know genetics, with a sidebar here and there.
We wish our listeners around the world safety and good health as we all deal with the COVID19 pandemic. We plan to still be with you with weekly episodes as we all push through this together. #TeamOphtho
Axenfeld Rieger Syndrome
This week we tackle Axenfeld Rieger syndrome, as well as take detours into comparisons with ICE syndromes, and genetics of other anterior segment disorders.
ICE Syndrome
Unthaw your understanding of the Iridocorneal Endothelial (ICE) syndromes; Essential Iris Atrophy, Chandler Syndrome and Cogan-Reese Syndrome.
Retinopathy of Prematurity Trials
We discuss screening protocols, and CRYO ROP, ETROP and BEAT-ROP trialsto learn how to manage retinopathy of prematurity. Guest host Fei Cai of CREOGs over Coffee is back to help.
Retinopathy of Prematurity Fundamentals
This week, we review the fundamentals of retinopathy of prematurity, including pathophysiology and staging. We'll return next week to talk about the landmark trials in ROP and surgical therapy.
Big thank you to Fei Cai for joining us as this week's guest host; you can find her OB/Gyn review podcast, CREOGs over Coffee at creogsovercoffee.com!
Marfan's and a Mystery
We review ophthalmic manifestations of Marfan's disease, as well as a mystery cause of vision loss in a case presentation with guest host Dr. Eri Verter.
