
ASRS's History of Retina
This podcast explores the history of retina specialty, covering milestones in technology and techniques. It features firsthand accounts from pioneers who contributed to sight-saving care. The show highlights both past achievements and future treatments.
Episodes

ASRS Milestones in Retina: History of Clinical Trials
Clinical trials are the foundation of modern medicine, providing the evidence that guides patient care and the advancement of new therapies. The field of retina offers some of the clearest examples of how clinical research can truly transform a specialty. Landmark studies including the diabetic retinopathy studies and Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) have established a foundation

ASRS Leaders & Legends Interview: Evangelos Gragoudas, MD
For more than five decades, Evangelos Gragoudas, MD, has been innovating, inspiring, and educating in the field of retina and ocular oncology. Early in his career, Dr. Gragoudas trained under the father of modern retinal surgery – the illustrious Charles Schepens. That transformative fellowship and his training at the Mass Eye and Ear Infirmary turned into a career-long commitment to the instituti

ASRS Leaders & Legends Interview: Jose S. Pulido, MD, MS, MBA, MPH
Join us for this episode of Leaders & Legends where we explore the extraordinary life and career of Jose S. Pulido, MD, MS, MBA, MPH. Born in Cuba during revolutionary times, Dr. Pulido’s family fled following the 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion, immigrating to the United States when he was 5. Through his parents’ example, he learned the critical importance of education. An out-of-the-box thinker an

ASRS Leaders & Legends Interview: Johanna M. Seddon, MD, ScM, FARVO, FASRS
The History of Retina is pleased to welcome Johanna Seddon, MD, ScM, FARVO, FASRS, to the Leaders & Legends Series. Dr. Seddon’s illustrious career as a clinician/ scientist has focused on the care of patients with retinal degenerations and dystrophies, and she has made notable contributions to shaping our understanding of how genetics, nutrition, and lifestyle factors drive the pathogenesis o

ASRS Leaders & Legends Interview: Mark W. Johnson, MD
The History of Retina welcomes Mark W. Johnson, MD, to the Leaders and Legends series. A distinguished clinician, surgeon, and researcher, Dr. Johnson has helped define our field through pioneering work on macular diseases, the vitreomacular interface, and surgical strategies. His academic contributions are enormous with nearly 250 publications. Throughout his remarkable career, Mark has been a st

ASRS Leaders & Legends Interview: Stanley Chang, MD
Born in Shanghai, China, Stanley Chang, MD, immigrated to the United States with his family in 1949 at the age of two. He went on to earn an electrical engineering degree at MIT in 1968, followed by a master's degree in biomedical electronic engineering from the University of Pennsylvania and a medical degree from Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1974. He completed hi

ASRS Leaders & Legends Interview: Charles P. "Pat" Wilkinson, MD, MA
One of Retina’s true statesmen, Dr. Charles Patrick Wilkinson is Chairman Emeritus of Ophthalmology at the Greater Baltimore Medical Center and Professor Emeritus of the Department of Ophthalmology at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Dr. Wilkinson watched the history of retina unfold, working alongside fellow retina giants, including Drs. Norton, Curtin, Gass, Michels, Machemer, and others. In this int

ASRS Milestones in Retina: History of OCT
If there is one discovery that constituted a quantum leap in the evolution of the field of retina and ophthalmology, optical coherence tomography (OCT) is undoubtedly on the short list. Today’s retina specialists can’t imagine practicing without OCT imaging. It’s one of the first diagnostic tests obtained for the vast majority of patients, and is essential for the diagnosis and management of the m

ASRS Leaders & Legends Interview: Cynthia A. Toth, MD, FASRS
Cynthia A. Toth, MD, FASRS, has always been ahead of the curve, from being the first female surgeon to join the faculty at Duke to becoming one of the earliest researchers to use OCT to study retinal injuries. She was also one of the first to use a handheld OCT system to examine infants, and she pioneered the first intraoperative OCT-guided surgical system. Dr. Toth has helped revolutionize how do

ASRS Leaders & Legends Interview: William F. Mieler, MD, FACS, FARVO
The History of Retina is pleased to welcome one of retina’s most highly esteemed ambassadors to Leaders & Legends. Dr. William F. Mieler has channeled his passion and impressive background into an illustrious career as a clinician, educator, researcher, and international leader in ophthalmology. He has served in countless leadership positions in organized ophthalmology, including president of

ASRS Leaders & Legends Interview: Lee M. Jampol, MD
The History of Retina is pleased to welcome revered educator, surgeon, and clinician Dr. Lee Jampol to Leaders & Legends. Dr. Jampol’s remarkable career has largely centered around research trials, studying retinal diseases like diabetic retinopathy and central serous retinopathy. He has been a key player in some of the field's most pivotal trials, including the Macular Photocoagulation S

ASRS Milestones in Retina: History of Anti-VEGF
Join us for an extraordinary Milestones in Retina expert panel discussion detailing the discovery and evolution of a treatment that truly revolutionized the field of retina and the lives of patients around the world – virtually overnight. That therapy is, of course, anti-VEGF.It goes without saying that there is an army of researchers, clinicians, patients and industry representatives who contribu

ASRS Leaders and Legends Interview: Mark S. Blumenkranz, MD
The History of Retina is pleased to share this Leaders & Legends interview featuring the extraordinary life and career of Mark Blumenkranz, MD. Dr. Blumenkranz is the HU Smead Professor Emeritus and co-director of the Ophthalmic Innovation Program at the Byers Eye Institute at Stanford University School of Medicine. In addition, he serves as manager director of Lagunita Biosciences and is co-

ASRS Leaders and Legends Interview: Emily Y. Chew, MD
Emily Y. Chew, MD, is director of the Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications and deputy clinical director of the National Eye Institute (NEI). She is also a senior investigator and Chief of the NEI’s Clinical Trials Branch. In this Leaders & Legends interview Dr. Chew shares fascinating experiences and perspectives from her extraordinary life and career. Born in Canton, China, Dr.

ASRS Leaders and Legends Interview: Eugene de Juan, Jr., MD, FASRS
Unlike most kids, Eugene de Juan, Jr., preferred his toys broken. Fascinated by his ophthalmologist father’s many gadgets and his grandfather’s workshop, Gene discovered his passion for fixing things at an early age. He went on to complete his ophthalmology and vitreoretinal training at world-class institutions including the Johns Hopkins University’s Wilmer Eye Institute and Duke University, and

ASRS Leaders and Legends Interview: Drs. Susan B. and Neil M. Bressler
Leaders & Legends is pleased to share an interview with a true dynamic duo in retina: Drs. Susan and Neil Bressler. Susan and Neil’s personal and professional partnership started in their early days at John Hopkins medical school and, with thoughtful intention, they set out to build their life and careers together. They both pursued ophthalmology residency and medical retina fellowships at Ha

ASRS Leaders and Legends Interview: Yale L. Fisher, MD
Dr. Yale Fisher has had an undeniable impact on the field of retina. He led the way in the development of new techniques and instruments in the field, particularly in ultrasonography and vitreoretinal surgery. His pioneering work in ocular endoscopy has expanded the boundaries of what is possible in the field and he has shared his expertise extensively with audiences both nationally and internatio

ASRS Leaders and Legends Interview: Stuart L. Fine, MD
Dr. Stuart L. Fine is world-renowned for his leadership in ophthalmology education, research, and patient care. A pioneering investigator, Dr. Fine helped shape the field of retina through his leadership of numerous National Eye Institute (NEI)-supported, multi-centered clinical trials to evaluate new and existing treatments for retinal disease. Among the many pivotal trials he chaired are the Mac

ASRS Leaders and Legends Interview: Morton F. Goldberg, MD, FAOS, FACS
In this episode, the History of Retina welcomes retina leader and legend, Morton F. Goldberg, MD, who shares stories from his extraordinary career. Listen in as he recalls co-hosting the 1968 Arlie House Symposium on the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy with colleague Stuart Fine, MD. This groundbreaking international meeting of the world’s experts on diabetic retinopathy led to a major revolutio

ASRS Milestones in Retina: The Founding of the American Society of Retina Specialists
Since its founding in 1982, the American Society of Retina Specialists (ASRS) has grown exponentially in size and influence, making it a powerful national advocate and primary source of clinical and scientific information and education for its members. It does, in fact, represent all things retina. Listen in as ASRS founders, Drs. Jerald Bovino, Roy Levit and Allen Verne, discuss their quest to cr

ASRS Leaders and Legends Interview: Daniel F. Martin, MD, FASRS
Daniel Martin, MD, FASRS, has focused much of his extraordinary career on the design and execution of clinical trials to evaluate new drugs and therapeutic strategies for retinal disease. He has been – and is still -- at the helm of some of the most influential retina research of our time. His contributions have not only guided treatment practices, but have built a framework on which future resear

ASRS Leaders and Legends Interview: Richard F. Spaide, MD
Few people have thought as deeply about retina’s most perplexing questions as Richard Spaide, MD. He is a brilliant innovator and ‘retinal philosopher’ whose research and novel theories on the pathophysiology of retinal disorders have spawned nearly 400 peer-reviewed publications, including many of the most-cited and influential papers in the field. Listen in as Dr. Spaide discusses his profession

ASRS Leaders and Legends Interview: Donald J. D'Amico, MD, FASRS
Beyond his operating room wizardry and passion for patient care, Donald J. D’Amico, MD, FASRS, is recognized for his gift of oratory which has made him a world-renowned lecturer, moderator and educator. In this compelling interview, Dr. D’Amico recounts fascinating stories of his early days in practice, including his experience operating with the Freeman/Schepens inversion table, and what he wants

ASRS Leaders and Legends Interview: Lawrence A. Yannuzzi, MD
A recognized pioneer in retinal imaging, Lawrence A. Yannuzzi, MD, is a revered practitioner and educator who has earned an international reputation for his keen observational skills, inquisitive mind and the ability to publish findings at lightning speed. In this Leaders & Legends interview, Dr. Yannuzzi shares interesting insights into his career, including ‘stalking’ his mentor, Dr. Donald

ASRS Leaders and Legends Interview: Carol L. Shields, MD, FASRS
In this inspiring interview you’ll hear from the remarkable Carol L. Shields, MD, FASRS, a true pioneer in every sense of the word. Listen in as she recalls her childhood making house calls with her physician father, her years captaining Notre Dame’s first championship varsity women's basketball team, her induction into the Academic Hall of Fame, to her extraordinary personal and professional

ASRS Leaders and Legends Interview: Gary W. Abrams, MD, FASRS
Retina pioneer and innovator Gary W. Abrams, MD, FASRS, discusses his inspiring professional journey spanning numerous groundbreaking advancements in the field, from the advent of the air pump and endolaser, to gas, silicone oil, perfluorocarbon liquid, vitrectomy and wide-angle viewing. Listen as he recalls his memorable job interview with Robert Machemer, MD, and the ‘Aaberg-Abrams’ years that b

ASRS Milestones in Retina: Importing Vitrectomy to Canada
In 1971, Dr. Robert Machemer, Anton Banko and Jean-Marie Parel designed the vitreous infusion cutter (VISC), one of the first commercially available instruments to remove vitreous during a vitrectomy. Shortly thereafter, Mark Mandelcorn, MD, FRCSC, arrived at Bascom Palmer from Toronto and became Dr. Machemer’s first fellow, working directly alongside him and Bascom’s trailblazing faculty. In this

ASRS Leaders and Legends Interview: Harry W. Flynn, Jr., MD, FASRS
A fascinating conversation with Dr. Harry Flynn who recounts his stellar career. A visionary surgeon who has introduced numerous innovations and new technologies to the operating room, he discusses the evolution of small-gauge surgery, his collaborations with the legendary Jean-Marie Parel, Ing. ETS-G, PhD, his love of research, working with residents and fellows and the coming of age of the ASRS.

ASRS Leaders and Legends Interview: George A. Williams, MD, FASRS
An extraordinary look back with George Williams, MD, FASRS, who discusses his experience during the Aaberg-Abrams era at the Medical College of Wisconsin, his groundbreaking exploration of pharmacological ways to manipulate the vitreous and the birth of retinal pharmacology. A staunch crusader on behalf of retina, Dr. Williams is a recognized health policy expert who shares interesting insights on

ASRS Leaders and Legends Interview: Audina M. Berrocal, MD, FASRS
Audina Berrocal, MD, FASRS, is one of the world’s leading experts in the surgical management of retinopathy of prematurity and pediatric vitreoretinal disorders. She is also the youngest daughter of Jose Berrocal, MD, who was the first retina fellow at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute in 1963 and went on to be the first retina surgeon in Puerto Rico and the Caribbean. In this Leaders & Legends

ASRS Milestones in Retina: The Artificial Retina
Since vision issues and blindness were first diagnosed and documented, scientists have sought a cure. In this video, ASRS Foundation President Timothy G. Murray, MD, MBA, FASRS, talks with Mark S. Humayun, MD, PhD, an internationally recognized pioneer in vision restoration who assembled a multidisciplinary team of experts to develop the first FDA-approved artificial retina, Argus II, for sight re

ASRS Milestones in Retina: The History of Vitrectomy
History of Retina Co-director Kirk H. Packo, MD, FASRS, hosts an all-star panel of retina giants, who recount the coming of age of vitrectomy surgery. Listen in as Drs. Thomas Aaberg, Sr., Gary Abrams, Steve Charles, Gene de Juan, and Wayne Fung share their compelling first-hand accounts of vitrectomy from the early days of open sky and the Vail Vitrectomy Course through the monumental advances of

ASRS Leaders and Legends Interview: Michael T. Trese, MD, FASRS
In this interview with one of retina’s true giants, Mike Trese, MD, details his remarkable 45-year career spearheading revolutionary developments in both pediatric and adult retina. He shares the challenges of navigating blinding diseases with the youngest and most vulnerable patients and the amazing advances that have increased the success rate for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) from 50% to 90%

ASRS Leaders and Legends Interview: Thomas M. Aaberg, SR, MD, FASRS, and Thomas M. Aaberg, JR, MD
An extraordinary conversation with Thomas Aaberg Sr., MD, FASRS, and son Thomas Aaberg Jr., MD, who share a rare look inside the early years in retina. Tom Aaberg Sr., discusses his remarkable career, early innovations that moved the needle, and his friendship and collaborations with Robert Machemer, MD. Tom Aaberg Jr., MD, adds his recollections from growing up with a ring-side seat during the ea

ASRS Milestones in Retina: Inventing the VISC
Invention of the vitreous infusion suction cutter (VISC) for vitrectomy surgery revolutionized the field of retina in the 1970s. Now, more than 50 years later, the VISC remains central to every retinal surgeons armamentarium and no one is more surprised than the man behind its development -- Jean-Marie Parel, Ing.ETS-G, PhD, FARVO. In this extraordinary conversation, Dr. Parel traces his journey t

ASRS Leaders and Legends Interview: María H. Berrocal, MD, FASRS
Few stories in our field are as unique as that of the Berrocal’s, a multigenerational retina tour de force. In this Leaders & Legends segment, Maria Berrocal, MD, FASRS, daughter of the late Jose Berrocal, MD, an internationally renowned retina pioneer who was the first retina surgeon in Puerto Rico and the Caribbean, shares stories about her extraordinary upbringing during which she and her s

ASRS Leaders and Legends Interview: Steve T. Charles, MD, FACS, FICS, FASRS
It would be hard to imagine retina surgery today without the contributions of Steve Charles, MD, FACS, FICS, FASRS . Over the course of his amazing career, he has amassed over 100 patents, introducing among other things, scissor segmentation, the linear vacuum, disposable cutters, retinectomy, the Ocutome 8000, and ‘medium term PFO.’ Listen as he discusses his love of engineering and medicine, his

ASRS Leaders and Legends Interview: Julia A. Haller, MD, FASRS
Julia Haller, MD, FASRS is a world-renowned retina surgeon and scientist who has innovated significant translational advances against blindness. She discusses her remarkable journey in academic and organized medicine, including being among the first to administer gene therapy and to inject anti-VEGF in a human eye. A trailblazer for women in retina, she reflects on her experiences in practice and

ASRS Leaders and Legends Interview: Kirk H. Packo, MD, FACS, FASRS
A truly fascinating discussion with Kirk H. Packo, MD, FACS, FASRS, an internationally renowned vitreoretinal surgeon whose unique creativity, intellect and story-telling abilities have made him a legendary teacher of retina. Listen as Dr. Packo reflects on his mentors, and his experience coming of age in retina during the ‘heyday’ of instrument development. He discusses his inventions and his piv

ASRS Milestones in Retina: Scleral Buckle
In this compelling panel discussion, host Timothy G. Murray, MD, MBA, FASRS, explores the history of scleral buckling through the first-hand accounts of renowned vitreoretinal surgeons Allan (Buzz) Kreiger, MD; Charles (Pat) Wilkinson, MD, MA; Gary W. Abrams, MD; and Michael Lambert, MD. The experts share their professional experiences with scleral buckling and discuss developments in technology a
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