What If: Science, Theory, and Possibilities
An epic exploration of possibilities. What If is a Webby Award-winning science web series that takes you on a journey through hypothetical worlds and possibilities, some in distant corners of the universe, others right here on Earth. Each scenario examines a scientific theory, research or fact through a hypothetical question.
Episodes
What If the Universe Starts Shrinking?
This isn't the first time you've pondered this question. Imagine the Universe not expanding but shrinking, with spacetime contracting until it forms a singularity smaller than a YouTube Like button. After collapsing, there's a possibility it could explode outward, similar to a supernova, creating a new universe. This could be the 'Big Bounce' instead of the Big Bang, potentially occurring countles
The Insane Scale of the Ocean Explained
Our planet is hiding something remarkable from you. The ocean is vast, and if you dropped Mount Everest into the Mariana Trench, there'd still be over 2 km of water above its peak. Imagine if the ocean were devoid of water and you leapt down to the trench's bottom—it would take 3.5 minutes of free-falling to reach it.
But water is abundant. Earth is 71% water, yet we know little about its seabed.
Everything That Ever Happened to Planet Earth
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Mining Every Planet in the Solar System
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Every planet has something to hide, buried treasure worth hundreds of trillions, lost to the eons of time. But what is even out there? And if we got there to see it, what could we do with it? And if we sold it, how much
Every Alien World We Could Actually Live On
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Living Through Earth's Deadliest Extinctions
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Witness the End of Jupiter’s Great Red Spot
The Great Red Spot of Jupiter, a colossal storm persisting for up to 350 years, might vanish within the next 20 years. Discover the deeper implications of this potential disappearance and the broader cosmic changes occurring in our universe.
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The Future of Human Civilization
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If All Humans Vanished, How Long Until Earth Erased Every Trace?
This is Earth, 1,000 years in the future. Humans are long gone... what happened here? And what remains from our time on this planet? Today, we're answering: If all humans vanished, how long would it be until Earth erased every trace of us?
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What If We Dug Through Everything?
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What If You Could Perceive the Fourth Dimension?
Today, we're exploring the concept of becoming a multi-dimensional "super being," allowing you to exist anywhere at any time. Imagine walking through walls effortlessly or passing through solid steel, although legality might be questionable. However, these feats are merely the beginning of your potential capabilities.
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Explained: Every Type of Black Hole
Today, we're exploring the different types of black holes, from microblackholes on Earth to super-extremal black holes. Discover the potential of creating microblackholes on Earth and the implications they could have, including planetary threats. Explore the fascinating world of stupendously large black holes, fuzzballs, and white holes—some sound like marbles!
Ever wondered what might happen in t
What If We Found Planet 9?
The Solar System is known to have 8 planets—9 if you count Pluto's former status. But over the last decade, scientists have observed peculiar phenomena beyond Neptune, Pluto, and the Kuiper Belt. Something mysterious is influencing the orbits of nearby frozen objects. Could it be a massive hidden planet or perhaps a tiny black hole?
Explore these intriguing possibilities and more with our 'What If
What If Our Galaxy Collided with Andromeda?
What would happen if the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies collided?
Andromeda is the closest major spiral galaxy to our own, approximately 2.5 million light-years away. Despite the universe's expansion, the gravitational pull between our two galaxies is so strong that we are racing toward each other at over 400,000 km per hour.
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What If Phoenix A, The Biggest Black Hole, Appeared Outside Our Solar System?
What would happen if Phoenix A, the largest black hole ever discovered, appeared just outside our solar system?
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Discover the Most Disturbing Planets in the Universe
Welcome to today's exploration of the cosmos, where we delve into the 12 most disturbing planets ever discovered by scientists. From molten iron worlds to planets with ruby rain, these extraterrestrial environments are as far from Earth as one can imagine.
Timeline of Key Moments:
00:00 What If You Travelled to the Most Disturbing Planets02:00 What is a Terrestrial Planet?02:56 GJ 9827d: The Terri
What Happens If You Get the Hantavirus?
Explore what happens when a person becomes infected with Hantavirus, a family of over 50 viral strains primarily carried by rodents.
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What If Voyager 1 Crashed on an Alien Planet?
Voyager 1 is on a crash course. Without brakes, it's hurtling through depths of space no human-made object has traversed. It won't stop until something gets in its way, like an alien planet it's expected to collide with 75,000 years from now.
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What If We Terraformed the Moon?
Terraforming the Moon requires massive battery systems powered by graphite. Nouveau Monde Graphite is supplying this critical mineral for Earth's future and space exploration.
Could the Moon become a Second Earth? As NASA and global space agencies prepare to build permanent lunar bases within the next decade, the dream of turning our moon into a habitable world is closer than ever.
This distributi
If NASA Built a City on the Moon
The year is 2126, and you're watching the Earth rise from your home on the Moon. With NASA completing Phase One of the first lunar city, the challenges of living in the most lethal environment for humans are just beginning. Explore our potential future on the Moon, from micrometeorites and extreme temperatures to the ultimate life support system, Luna Prime.
0:00 What If NASA Built a city on the M
What If a Stainless Steel Pen Hit Earth at the Speed of Light?
What would happen if a stainless steel pen hit Earth at 99.9% the speed of light?
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Planet 9 Might Be Something Much Worse
The Solar System is known to have 8 planets, but what if there is a hidden ninth one? Scientists have observed unusual activity beyond Neptune and Pluto, hinting at a massive, unseen object. Could this be a new planet, or possibly a tiny black hole? Join us as we explore these intriguing possibilities.
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What If You Nuked Mars and Your Tripod Broke?
Ever wondered what would actually happen if we nuked Mars? While that might not be the best idea, having the right tools for your own projects is a must.
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What If a Black Hole Entered Our Solar System?
Have a collision idea? Tell us in the comments what you want to see us smash together next!
Follow us for more cosmic explorations and simulations.
00:00: Intro01:22: Black Hole vs Earth20:56: Black Hole vs Jupiter41:13: Black Hole vs The Sun54:32: Black Hole vs UY Scuti1:05:00: Black Hole vs Solar System1:19:32: Black Hole vs Milky Way1:23:31: Black Hole vs Black Hole
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ROXs 42Bb: The Most Confusing Object in the Universe
ROXs 42Bb is an enormous gas giant located 470 light-years away, currently experiencing a cosmic identity crisis. This massive object is composed of hydrogen and helium, the same materials that make up stars, and features a glowing red core and raging atmospheric storms.
Ever wondered what would actually happen? Explore our biggest What If scenarios and go deeper with the What If community.
The Wh
The Largest Stars in the Universe
Explore the true scale of the cosmos as we journey from our home star to some of the largest known objects in the universe.
While our sun dominates our solar system, accounting for 99.86% of its total mass, it is surprisingly small compared to other stellar giants. In this episode, we compare the sun to several massive stars.
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What If You Lived Through a Galactic Collision with Milkdromeda?
Something colossal is on the brink for our galaxy. The Milky Way and its neighboring galaxy, Andromeda, are on a direct collision course, like two gigantic galaxy-sized trains sharing a track. An epic cosmic collision is imminent, occurring soon in terms of galactic timescales.
Ever wondered what would actually happen? Explore our biggest What If scenarios and go deeper with the What If community.
What If You Traveled Five Billion Years Into the Future?
The Sun has begun its red giant phase, expanding like an overheated plasma-filled balloon. It's about to consume Mercury, then epicly engulf Venus, and eventually, swallow Earth. Even now, it is broiling our planet to bone-scorching temperatures. This is Earth five billion years from now. But how did we get here? Let's take a journey through time.
Ever wondered what would actually happen? Explore
What Happened Immediately After the Dinosaurs Went Extinct?
Ever wonder what actually happened immediately after the dinosaurs went extinct? This episode explores the catastrophic events following the impact of the Chicxulub asteroid 66 million years ago.
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What If You Fell Into Every Black Hole?
Have a collision idea? Tell us in the comments what you want to see us smash together next!
00:05: What If Our Universe Was Inside a Black Hole?21:28: What If a Black Hole Flew By Earth at the Speed of Light?39:16: What If You Spent a Nanosecond in a Black Hole?56:30: What If You Fell Into the Biggest Void in the Universe?56:30: What If We Destroyed a Black Hole?1:25:24: What If Earth
What If You Dig a Hole to Earth's Core?
There's a problem with the Earth's core. It's right there under our feet, but we've never actually seen it. Today, we're going to address that. We're going to find a solution to drill all the way to the center of Earth. And then, we'll see you fall right through the planet. This is going to be fun. Or not.
Ever wondered what would actually happen? Explore our biggest 'What If' scenarios and go dee
What If Earth Became a Type III Civilization?
This episode explores the fascinating possibility of Earth evolving into a Type III Civilization on the Kardashev scale. With trillions of planets in the Universe and no confirmed signs of alien life, it’s time to consider making interstellar noise, constructing megastructures, and potentially confirming whether we are alone in the cosmos.
Discover how humanity could accelerate its evolution, poss
What If the Smallest Planet Turned into the Biggest Planet?!
What if Pluto suddenly became the largest object in our solar system? This episode explores the cosmic consequences of the solar system's "underdog" dwarf planet growing to massive proportions.
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Landing on Alien Planets
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What If a White Hole and Black Hole Collided?
Black holes are one of the most devastating objects in space, sucking up everything around them. But there's another space phenomenon that's just as destructive, known as a white hole. What would happen if these two objects met in space and collided? Who would win in this cosmic battle? And what is a white hole anyway?
Explore our biggest What If scenarios and delve deeper with the What If communi
What If You Traveled to Before The Big Bang?
Imagine compressing the entire known Universe, spanning 93 billion light-years and containing two trillion galaxies and countless celestial bodies, into a space smaller than a proton. This singularity represents the origins of our Universe, the moment before the Big Bang.
Ever contemplated what might actually occur? Dive into our most profound What If scenarios and engage with the What If communit
Nuking Every Planet in the Solar System
What would happen if humanity decided to unleash nuclear weapons on every planet in our Solar System? From the scorching surface of Mercury to the icy edges of Neptune, this thought experiment pushes science, physics, and imagination to their limits.
In this exploration, we examine how nuclear explosions would behave in diverse environments, such as the crushing atmosphere of Venus, the gas giants
What If Betelgeuse Replaced Our Sun?
What if our Sun was suddenly replaced by the red supergiant Betelgeuse? Ever wondered what would actually happen? Explore our biggest 'What If' scenarios and go deeper with the What If community.
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What If the US Took Control of the Vatican
What happens when the world’s most powerful political leader goes to war with the leader of 1.4 billion people? Ever wondered what would actually happen? Explore our biggest What If scenarios and go deeper with the What If community.
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What If the U.S. and Israel Stop Being Allies?
The United States and Israel have been allies for nearly 80 years, a relationship defined by billions in weapons and dozens of UN vetoes. But what if this alliance isn't as unbreakable as we believe?
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What If You Died on Every Kepler Planet?
NASA's Kepler Space Telescope has discovered 2,784 distant alien worlds. While some orbit within habitable zones and look like Earth, they are far from safe. Join us as we explore the lethal conditions of six specific Kepler planets.
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What If the Strait of Hormuz Never Reopens?
Higher gas prices? That's just the beginning. What happens if it never reopens?
Ever wondered what would actually happen? Explore our biggest What If scenarios and go deeper with the What If community.
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Exploring the Largest Objects in the Universe
Today, we explore the colossal scale of the largest objects in our observable Universe. It's all about size, not mass. While black holes and neutron stars are incredibly dense, they don't make the cut on our list of massive objects.
Join us as we delve into the vastness of space and discover just how 'huge' things can get.
Timeline:
00:00 True Scale of the Largest Objects in the Universe01:34 Jup
Exploring Survival on TRAPPIST Planets
39 light-years from Earth lies the TRAPPIST-1 star, illuminating seven Earth-sized exoplanets. These planets, packed tightly, are fascinatingly close to their star, with three potentially habitable.
Join explorer Chase as he rates these celestial bodies, exploring which are most suitable for life and which are perilously deadly. Discover the unimaginable ‘What If’ scenarios within the TRAPPIST sys
What If America Made a Base on the Moon?
NASA is planning to return to the moon, but this time, it's not just a visit. Welcome to Space Race 2.0, where the goal has shifted from planting flags to establishing permanent infrastructure and control.
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What If Earth Collided With Every Planet?
Every planet in the solar system is hurtling toward Earth for an epic collision. In this special planetary battle royale, we use Space Sim to simulate six increasingly destructive cosmic crashes to see the physics behind the destruction. From being swallowed by gas giants to the formation of a brand-new magma world, we explore if anything, or anyone, could possibly survive.
Have a collision idea?
What If the U.S. Actually Invaded Iran?
What would happen if the United States invaded Iran? While many might assume it would be similar to the war in Iraq, the reality of the geography and military strategy suggests a much different outcome.
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What If You Grew 1cm Every Second
One second, you're your regular size, the next, you're towering over a skyscraper. And some 40 years later? You're the size of a planet. Yeah, you've been growing. ASTRONOMICALLY. Soon, you'll become a human bridge between Earth and the Moon. That is, if you don't collapse into a black hole. Today, we've got you growing 1 cm every second.
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Nothing in This Universe Is the Right Size
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From the first spark of life to the extinction of the dinosaurs, explore prehistoric Earth in one marathon watch. 🦕 Experience billions of years of evolution, giant creatures, and moments that shaped life as we know it.
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What If the Earth Stopped Spinning for 5 Seconds?
Hang on because we’re about to screech to a halt. That’s right, the Earth is going to stop spinning for five seconds. How much damage would this sudden stoppage cause? What would you experience in different parts of the world? And when the Earth starts spinning again, would it still be habitable? How would the day and night cycle be affected? Why would there be strong winds?
Ever wondered what wou
What If Saturn Replaced Our Moon?
Imagine looking up to see a gas giant 33 times wider than the Moon dominating the sky with its massive rings stretching across the horizon. But this stunning view comes with a heavy price.
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What If You Watched a Sunset on Every Planet?
You see, there are 2 trillion galaxies out there in the Universe. Within them, there are trillions of stars. The Universe is a strange place, and the view is about to get spectacular. So buckle up. We are traveling from Mercury to the edge of the known Universe, to witness the most beautiful, and deadly, alien sunsets you've ever seen.
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Digging to the Earth's Core: Challenges and Discoveries
There's a problem with the Earth's core. It's right under our feet, yet we've never actually seen it. Today, we explore solutions for drilling to the Earth's center. What would happen if you fell through the planet? Let's find out.
Discover the history of the Kola Superdeep Borehole and the challenges it faced. Understand the massive scale of drilling to the core and the effects of the Coriolis fo
What If Humanity Became Fully Optimized?
What would happen if humanity reached its absolute peak? No disease, no inefficiency, no wasted potential—just a fully optimized species operating at maximum intelligence, strength, and coordination. Sounds perfect… right?
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What If Prehistoric Earth Never Changed?
What If is a mini-documentary web series that takes you on an epic journey through hypothetical worlds and possibilities. Join us on an imaginary adventure through time, space and chance while we (hopefully) boil down complex subjects in a fun and entertaining way.
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What If You Ate Dry Ice?
What would happen if you actually ate dry ice? It looks like regular ice, but it's anything but harmless.
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What If Jupiter Collided With Earth?
The biggest planet in the Solar System has gone rogue. Now, it’s heading straight toward Earth with only 30 days until this gas giant wipes us out. Discover the speeds at which Jupiter might travel and the havoc it could cause along the way. Could we survive being consumed by this planetary giant? What would happen to the Asteroid belt?
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What If the Largest Asteroid Hit Earth?
Some seriously large asteroids have threatened Earth before. Some of these asteroids have little chance of hitting us but there are a few with very real chances of making contact. What happens if a large asteroid or comet hits Earth? And what are the chances something like Oumuamua or Bennu could actually hit our planet?
Ever wondered what would actually happen? Explore our biggest What If scenari
Pluto: Astonishing Discoveries
Explore the remarkable facts about Pluto in this intriguing episode. What if you traveled to this distant world, or if Earth was as small as Pluto? Dive into these fascinating scenarios and more.
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What If a Tiny Black Hole Appeared in New York City?
What if a black hole the size of a coin suddenly appeared in the middle of New York City? Would it instantly swallow everything or would something far stranger happen?
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Scientists Discovered Jupiter’s Secrets
What secrets is the giant of our solar system hiding? 🌌
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What Will Humans Evolve To?
What will humans look like in the future? From stronger bodies to bigger brains, or maybe even merging with machines. Human evolution is far from over. But it’s not just natural selection shaping our future anymore. Technology, environment, and even space travel could completely redefine what it means to be human.
Ever wondered what would actually happen? Explore our biggest What If scenarios and
What If You Fell Into the Biggest Void in the Universe?
The Boötes Void is one of the most mysterious places in space, spanning hundreds of millions of light-years and containing almost nothing. It is often called the "Great Nothing."
What would it be like to travel there? Would you see complete darkness? Could you survive the journey through such an unimaginably empty region? What does this reveal about the universe's structure?
Explore our biggest Wh
What If It Rained Oil?
Black Rain is falling on Tehran and it doesn't stop there. Oily, toxic, and flammable. Roads turn to ice rinks, planes fall from the sky, your tap runs brown, and crops die in the ground. One lightning strike could ignite the world.
Scientists already have a name for what comes after Black Rain. Drop it in the comments if you know.
Ever wondered what would actually happen? Explore our biggest What
What If You Explored Every Kepler Planet?
Some planets might look promising from a distance, but stepping onto them could turn them into the most dangerous places in the universe. In this episode, we explore the extreme worlds discovered by the Kepler Space Telescope and imagine what would happen if a human explorer tried to survive on them. From crushing gravity and toxic atmospheres to molten lava oceans and massive gas giants, these al
What If You Dove Into the Sun?
You’re traveling through our Solar System when suddenly, you have the opportunity to reach out and touch our biggest and brightest celestial body.
Touching our Sun would require a heat-resistant spacesuit, the strongest sunscreen, sunglasses, and a lot of courage.
The risks of touching the Sun are high. You could be instantly obliterated if you touched the Sun. Could you take the heat?
Ever wonder
What If You Were the Last Person on Earth?
So you wake up one day and find that you're the only person left in the world. Kind of cool, right? No obligations, no rules, no limits.
Actually, go for the exotic fruits first. If your mangos and bananas are imported from overseas, chances are they'll be hard to get to. So eat them while you can, and enjoy every last bite.
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Why Saturn is The Scariest Planet
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What If Earth Lost Gravity?
What would happen if Earth suddenly lost gravity? 🌍
Gravity is the invisible force holding everything together, including the oceans, the atmosphere, the Moon, and even you. But imagine if that force suddenly disappeared. What would happen to the air we breathe, the water in the oceans, and the planet itself?
Ever wondered what would actually happen? Explore our biggest What If scenarios and go de
Betelgeuse Replacing Our Sun: What Happens?
You can fit over a million Earths inside our Sun, but Betelgeuse, a massive red supergiant, could engulf over a billion Suns. It's in its final fusion cycles, nearing a violent supernova.
If Betelgeuse replaced our Sun, it would consume half the Solar System before exploding. Survival prospects? Not promising. Explore this scenario and more.
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The Most Terrifying Planets in the Universe
From small, eerie rocks to massive, nightmare-inducing worlds, we journey through the most terrifying planets in the universe!
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Why The Megalodon's Extinction Saved Us
For millions of years, the oceans were ruled by a predator so powerful it made today’s great white sharks look small. Meet the Megalodon, a 60-foot, multi-ton apex predator with a bite force stronger than any creature that has ever lived.
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What If We Dumped Our Trash Into Volcanoes?
A volcano is one of the most unforgiving natural phenomena on Earth. If you were to fall into its magma-filled center, your body would quickly bubble up and disappear without a trace. So if they're so good at getting rid of things, why aren't we using them to dispose of our garbage? Has anyone tried it before? How would we transport all our trash to them? What dangers would be involved?
Ever wonde
Episode 27: Earth's 4.5 Billion Years of Evolution
From a swirling cloud of cosmic dust to a planet teeming with life, Earth’s story is nothing short of unbelievable. We explore 4.5 billion years of planetary evolution, witnessing the birth of our world, the formation of the Moon, the cooling of Earth’s surface, and the emergence of the first oceans.
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What If Earth Was As Big As the Sun?
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Earth's Entire Evolution in 3 Minutes
What if you could watch 4.5 billion years of history unfold in just 3 minutes? From a violent cloud of cosmic dust to a blue planet teeming with life, this is the complete story of Earth, compressed into one epic timeline.
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What If You Lived on Mars 1 Billion Years Ago?
Scientists have potentially discovered life on Mars! To understand this groundbreaking finding and its implications, journey back in time with us, starting from the very beginning.
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What If You Lived on Mars 1 Billion Years Ago?
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Traveling to Before the Big Bang
Take the entire known Universe, all 93 billion light-years of it. All two trillion galaxies, every star, every planet, every black hole, every quasar, every speck of dust, and you. Then squeeze it all down until it's smaller than a proton. Now, you've got yourself a singularity.
The kind of singularity that was the beginning of our Universe. And that’s where you’re headed. The moment before the Bi
What if Planet X Was Actually Real?
Over the past century, astronomers have speculated about the existence of a mysterious 9th planet lurking in the outer reaches of our Solar System.
Although we've never directly observed the elusive Planet X, researchers keep finding more strange phenomena that seem to support its existence. Scientists believe that Planet X, also referred to as Planet 9, is about 17 times bigger than Earth, and ma
