KeyLIME+
KeyLIME+ is a bi-weekly podcast hosted by Dr. Adam Szulewski. It features in-depth interviews with authors and experts in medical education. The conversations explore current assumptions about the field and consider its future direction. Listeners get a deeper look at the research and thinking shaping medical education.
Episodes
[49] Developing Judgment: How Experts Think and Make Decisions in Complex Environments
In this episode of KeyLIME+, Adam speaks with Dr. Gary Klein about how people make decisions in complex, high‑pressure environments. Drawing on decades of research, Gary describes how expert decision making often looks very different from the step‑by‑step models many of us were taught. The conversation explores what intuition really means in expert performance and how judgment develops over ti
[48] Live from the Sim Tank: What's Next for Simulation-Based Education
On this special live edition of KeyLIME+, recorded at the Sim Tank innovation event held at Queen's University, Adam brings together a panel of simulation and education leaders to explore how artificial intelligence is transforming medical simulation training. From personalized learning and adaptive assessment to concerns about de-skilling, data ownership, and the evolving role of educators, the
[47] Why Good Ideas Get Stuck: Sludge, Nudges, and Choice Architecture
In this episode, Dr. Lea Harper joins Adam to discuss how behavioral economics can shape clinician behavior in medical education and clinical practice. They explore the difference between nudging and sludge, the role of default options, and how system design influences everyday decisions. Using examples from health care and beyond, the conversation examines how unnecessary friction slows progr
[46] High Standards, Changing Realities: Competence, Certification, and the Evolving Healthcare Landscape
Are we chasing a standard of excellence that today's healthcare system can realistically sustain? On this episode of KeyLIME+, Adam speaks with medical education leaders Drs. Farhan Bhanji and Damon Dagnone about the future of medical education and healthcare in Canada. They explore Competence by Design, the tension between certification and licensure, the physician workforce crisis, and the chan
2026 Summer Rewind #4
[43] The Hidden Curriculum Exposed: When the CEOs of Canada's Family Medicine and Specialist Colleges Compare Notes on Medicine's Unwritten Lessons This episode was first released on May 26, 2026 On this episode of KeyLIME+, Adam sits down with Chris Watling and Mike Allan (the CEOs of Canada's two national medical colleges) to unpack the hidden curriculum in medicine. Together, they explore how
2026 Summer Rewind #3
[38] AI and Emerging Skill Gaps: Deskilling, Never‑Skilling, Mis‑Skilling—and What Educators Can Do About It All This episode was first released on March 17, 2026 In this episode, Adam sits down with Dr. Raja-Elie Abdulnour to explore how AI is reshaping medical education and why it has the potential to quietly erode clinical reasoning. They discuss the emerging risks of deskilling, never-skilling
2026 Summer Rewind #2
[32] Designing Learning That Learns: The Promise of Precision Medical Education This episode was first released on January 06, 2026 In this episode of KeyLIME+, Adam speaks with Dr. Sanjay Desai to explore the concept of precision education in medical training. They discuss how data and technology can personalize medical education, making it more efficient and tailored to individual learner nee
2026 Summer Rewind #1
[28] Cookies, Charisma & Bias: Exploring the Hidden Consequences and Impact of Teaching Evaluations This episode was first released on November 11, 2025 Description In this episode, Adam (and resident guest co-host Mario Corrado) speak with Dr. Lynfa Stroud about the complexities of teaching evaluations in medical education. They discuss some of the biases that influence evaluations, the unintend
[45] The Physician's Next Skill Set: From AI to What Comes Next
On this episode of KeyLIME+, Adam sits down with 'the medical futurist', Dr. Bertalan Meskó, to explore what it means to prepare for the future of medicine in an era currently shaped by artificial intelligence. Using prompt engineering as a starting point, the conversation moves beyond the technical to focus on a deeper shift in how clinicians adapt in the face of rapid change. Together, they exa
[44] Formative, Not Performative: Rethinking Teaching Evaluations to Help Teachers Grow
Clinical teaching happens in real time, but feedback about that teaching does not. Too often, feedback shows up late, feels vague, or never arrives at all, especially for the everyday teaching that happens on shift, in the hallway, or at the bedside. Adam speaks with Dr. Esther Bui about why that gap persists, and what it might look like to close it. Esther shares what led her team to build myTE,
[43] The Hidden Curriculum Exposed: When the CEOs of Canada's Family Medicine and Specialist Colleges Compare Notes on Medicine's Unwritten Lessons
On this episode of KeyLIME+, Adam sits down with Chris Watling and Mike Allan (the CEOs of Canada's two national medical colleges) to unpack the hidden curriculum in medicine. Together, they explore how subtle signals in our learning and working environments shape identity, influence career pathways, and reinforce hierarchies both between and within disciplines. From the loss of shared spaces lik
[42] La Concordance de Script et la Formation par Concordance : Des origines aux nouvelles applications
Dans cet épisode de KeyLIME+, Adam s'entretient avec le Dr Bernard Charlin à propos de la théorie de la concordance de script, une approche permettant de comprendre et d'évaluer le raisonnement clinique dans des contextes médicaux incertains et complexes. Ils explorent comment le test de concordance de script saisit certaines des nuances de la prise de décision en situation réelle en analysant la
[41] Thinking Beyond the Patient: Planetary Health in Medical Education
On this episode of KeyLIME+, Adam and guest resident co-host Julia Sawatzky speak with Dr. Bhavini Gohel to explore the intersection of planetary health and medical education, highlighting how climate change impacts healthcare and what physicians can do to help. Together, they unpack what planetary health really means, why it has become an important issue for clinicians and educators, and how it
[40] Mentorship Matters: Turning Potential into Performance in Medical Education
In this episode, Adam speaks with Dr. Ruth Gotian about the critical role of mentorship in cultivating high-performance individuals. Drawing on her research on elite performers - including Nobel laureates, Olympic athletes, and successful physicians - Ruth highlights how success can be nurtured through intrinsic motivation, resilience, and supportive mentoring relationships. The discussion explor
[39] From the Sidelines to the Bedside: What Medical Education Can Learn from Coaching and Feedback in Sports
On this episode of KeyLIME+, Adam sits down with Drs. Victor Do and Cory Rohlfsen, both medical educators and former competitive athletes, to explore how lessons from high-performance sports coaching can inform feedback and coaching in medical education. Victor and Cory share firsthand insights about the culture of feedback in sports, where direct, real-time, and goal-oriented coaching is not onl
[38] AI and Emerging Skill Gaps: Deskilling, Never‑Skilling, Mis‑Skilling—and What Educators Can Do About It All
In this episode, Adam sits down with Dr. Raja-Elie Abdulnour to explore how AI is reshaping medical education and why it has the potential to quietly erode clinical reasoning. They discuss the emerging risks of deskilling, never-skilling, and mis-skilling, and how AI can widen gaps between high-performing and low-performing learners. Raja-Elie introduces the DEFT-AI framework, a practical approac
[37] Café des spécialités : Infuser des idées de carrière, une conversation à la fois
Cet épisode de KeyLIME+ présente le Café des spécialités, un balado du Collège royal dans lequel des médecins témoignent sur le ton de la conversation pour aider les étudiant·es en médecine à choisir une spécialité. Christina Toma, animateur du balado, explique à Adam que le Café des spécialités offre un aperçu des parcours de formation, de la pratique quotidienne, des défis et des réflexions pers
[36] Specialty Café: Brewing Careers, One Conversation at a Time
This episode of KeyLIME+ highlights Specialty Café, a sister Royal College podcast that focuses on conversational storytelling to support medical students exploring specialty choice. Through informal discussions with physicians from a wide range of specialties, host Cameron Wong speaks with Adam about how the Specialty Café podcast offers insights into training pathways, daily practice, challenge
[35] From What You Say to How You Say It: Unlocking the Human Element of Simulation-Based Education
In this episode of KeyLIME+, Adam and guest resident co-host Charlie Irwin speak with Gerry Gormley about getting simulation right in medical education. They discuss the importance of micro communication skills in creating psychologically safe learning environments, the shared responsibility of educators and learners in fostering safety, and the balance between challenge and support in simulation
[34] KeyLIME+ live at ICRE Part 2: Building Trust, Fostering Growth, and Strengthening Connection with AI in Medical Education
In this second half of our special two-part episode of KeyLIME+, recorded live in Quebec City at the International Conference on Residency Education, Adam is joined by resident co-host Dr. Rory Clarke and guests Drs. Kimberly Lomis and Martin Pusic to explore how AI is transforming medical education. They discuss how AI is reshaping trust, connection, and growth in residency education, including
[33] KeyLIME+ live at ICRE Part 1: Building Trust, Fostering Growth, and Strengthening Connection with AI in Medical Education
In this first half of our special two-part episode of KeyLIME+, recorded live in Quebec City at the International Conference on Residency Education, Adam is joined by resident co-host Dr. Rory Clarke and guests Drs. Kimberly Lomis and Martin Pusic to explore how AI is transforming medical education. They discuss how AI is reshaping trust, connection, and growth in residency education, including i
[32] Designing Learning That Learns: The Promise of Precision Medical Education
In this episode of KeyLIME+, Adam speaks with Dr. Sanjay Desai to explore the concept of precision education in medical training. They discuss how data and technology can personalize medical education, making it more efficient and tailored to individual learner needs. Sanjay emphasizes the importance of using data to assess learner performance and the need for a shift in power towards learners, a
[31] AI Literacy for Medical Educators: Building Smarter Learning
On this episode of KeyLIME+, Adam sits down with Terry Soleas to unpack how AI is changing medical education. Together, they explore why AI literacy is essential for healthcare professionals and how understanding the technology can help us harness its benefits while avoiding its pitfalls. The conversation dives into the tension between innovation and skill atrophy, the importance of human oversi
[30] Less Tech, More Training: Simplifying Simulation for Busy Healthcare Teams
In this episode of KeyLIME+, Adam, along with co-host Greta Askin, delve into the novel area of Visually Enhanced Mental Simulation (VEMS) with guest Vic Brazil. They discuss how VEMS differs from traditional high-fidelity simulations, emphasizing its simplicity, flexibility, and effectiveness in engaging healthcare teams. The conversation highlights the importance of teamwork, communication, and
[29] Building resilience and leadership across the frontlines: what medicine can learn from firefighting
In this episode of KeyLIME+, Adam sits down with David Morkal, a retired fire chief from the New York Fire Department. They explore David's unique journey from a background in theater to leading teams in high-pressure firefighting situations. The discussion delves into leadership lessons learned from David's experience working during 9/11, the importance of mentorship, coping with trauma, and the
[28] Cookies, Charisma & Bias: Exploring the Hidden Consequences and Impact of Teaching Evaluations
In this episode, Adam (and resident guest co-host Mario Corrado) speak with Dr. Lynfa Stroud about the complexities of teaching evaluations in medical education. They discuss some of the biases that influence evaluations, the unintended consequences that can arise, and the delicate power dynamics between learners and educators. Their conversation underscores the need for a more nuanced, supportiv
[27] Assessment under the influence
On this episode of KeyLIME+, Adam speaks with Charlotte van Sassen about the subtle ways that knowledge of patient outcomes can influence how supervisors assess clinical reasoning. Their conversation uncovers the impact of outcome bias on feedback and evaluation in medical education, exploring the challenges this presents for fairness and learning. They also discuss strategies to recognize and ad
[26] The Lasting Impact of Clinical Learning Environments: Why Where You Train Matters in Medicine
This episode of KeyLIME+ delves into the complexities of clinical learning environments in medical education. Adam and guest co-host Danielle Chang speak with Jena Hall about the dynamic nature of these environments, their impact on patient outcomes, and the importance of adapting to external societal influences. They discuss the challenges of physician burnout, the role of social media, and the
[25] AI Reporting Reform: Raising the Bar for Transparency of Large Language Model use in Medical Education Research
In today's show, Adam chats with Gustavo Patino to discuss the implications of artificial intelligence in medical education publishing. They explore the need for transparency in AI model reporting, issues related to predictive accuracy, and the potential biases that can arise in AI applications. The conversation emphasizes the growing need for clear reporting guidelines in the use of AI in health
[24] Embracing Complexity: Fostering Adaptive Expertise in Medical Education
On this episode of KeyLIME+, Adam speaks with Maria Mylopoulos to explore the concept of adaptive expertise in medical education. They discuss theories of expertise development, the importance of fostering adaptive expertise, and the need for a shift in educational practices to better prepare physicians for the complexities and uncertainties of modern healthcare. They review the differences betwe
[23] M&M rounds 2.0
On this episode, Adam and guest resident co-host Amit Chopra speak with emergency physician and trauma team leader Andrew Petrosoniak about the evolution of M&M rounds in healthcare and his vision for M&M rounds 2.0. They talk about the importance of shifting away from individual blame to a systems-oriented approach in case analysis. The conversation explores the exciting potential of integrating
Summer Rewind #4
[12] Avoid the trap of false growth mindset This episode was first released on February 18, 2025. Description: - In this episode, Adam discusses the complexities of growth mindset in medical education with guests Milad Memari and Katie Gavinski. They explore the differences between growth and fixed mindsets, the dangers of misapplying mindset theory, and the trap of false growth mindset. The con
Summer Rewind #3
[2] Listening to podcasts while you exercise is an exercise in futility: fact or fiction? This episode was first released on October 1, 2024. Description : - Adam and guest resident co-host, Dr. Victoria Turnbull, interview Dr. Michael Gottlieb about a recent paper of his that should be relevant to anyone who listens to podcasts for learning. The paper looked at immediate and delayed recall of po
Summer Rewind #2
[9] Debunking myths in education with Dr. Paul Kirschner This episode was first released on January 7, 2025. Description: - In this episode, Adam and Dr. Paul Kirschner discuss some of the biggest myths in education—like multitasking, learning styles, and the belief that Googling can replace knowledge. They dive into what sets experts apart from novices and explore how certain 'desirable difficul
Summer Rewind #1
[1] Does the pursuit of excellence in medicine conflict with the pursuit of well-being? This is Episode #1 which was first released on 17, 2024. Description: - Adam invites Dr. Lisa Rosenbaum to discuss her recent publication in the NEJM titled Being Well while Doing Well — Distinguishing Necessary from Unnecessary Discomfort in Training. This thought-provoking paper is the 3rd in a series
[22] Season 1 finale: Your feedback
In the Season 1 finale of KeyLIME+, Adam shares reflections on a memorable first year, highlighting listener feedback and key insights from across the season. We revisit important conversations about balancing wellness with excellence in medical education, rethinking med school admissions, applying cognitive load theory to clinical teaching, and leading change with humility. Thanks to all our lis
[21] Unpacking Medical Expertise: Illness Scripts, Clinical Reasoning, and the Future of CanMEDS
On this episode of KeyLIME+, Adam speaks with Drs. Saleem Razack and Stuart Lubarsky about the concept of medical expertise. They dig into definitions and interpretations of medical expertise, ideas around cognitive load, and the role of illness scripts in clinical reasoning. They also address the recent public discussion about the centrality of medical expertise within the CanMEDS framework and
[20] Thinking outside the box: Reimagining CPD for Real Impact
In this episode of KeyLIME+, Adam is joined by Dr. Sam Daniel as they discuss the challenges and innovations in today's Continuing Professional Development (CPD) landscape. They explore the impact of CPD on physician behaviour, the importance of moral norms when it comes to engaging with CPD, and the barriers to effective learning. Sam shares insights from his recent paper and emphasizes the need
[19] Adopter une optique différente : doit-on repenser le DPC pour avoir un impact réel?
Dans cet épisode de KeyLIME+, Adam reçoit le Dr Sam Daniel et discute avec lui des défis et innovations dans le milieu actuel du développement professionnel continu (DPC). Ensemble, ils explorent l'influence du DPC sur le comportement des médecins, l'importance des normes morales dans le contexte du DPC et les obstacles à un apprentissage efficace. Le Dr Daniel nous parle de son récent article et
[18] No pain, no gain: The importance of desirable difficulty in medical education
Description: In this episode of KeyLIME+, Adam speaks with educational psychologist Anique de Bruin, exploring the concept of desirable difficulty in medical education. They discuss how well-designed challenging learning conditions can enhance long-term learning and knowledge transfer, despite the initial struggles that learners might face. The conversation delves into practical techniques suc
[17] Retour à l'essentiel – La théorie de la charge cognitive en formation médicale
Dans cet épisode, le Dr André Tricot, psychologue spécialisé en formation et chercheur, se joint à Adam pour explorer en profondeur la théorie de la charge cognitive. Ils discutent des répercussions de cette théorie sur l'enseignement et l'apprentissage de différents groupes d'âge dans des contextes variés, dont celui de la formation médicale en particulier. Ils se penchent aussi sur des stratégie
[16] From inoculation to exposure: A new approach to teaching stress management in simulation
Description Adam and guest co-host Charlotte Alexander speak with physician and applied anthropologist, Dr. Eve Purdy about the nuances of team stress management in simulation training. The conversation highlights the importance of getting stress management training right during high-pressure simulations. Adam, Charlotte and Eve explore how teams can better manage stress through well-designed
[15] Getting feedback and coaching right
In this episode of KeyLIME+, Adam (along with co-host Dr. Victor Do) delve into the critical role of feedback and coaching in medical education with guest Dr. Adelle Atkinson. They explore the distinctions between feedback and coaching, the significance of low-stakes assessment, and the impact of the learning environment on learner outcomes. The conversation emphasizes the need for strong relatio
[14] Exploring cognitive load in the workplace: A new tool for medical educators
In this episode of KeyLIME+, Adam and resident guest co-host Dr. Kim Vella, chat with Dr. Sarah Blissett about her recent paper on cognitive load theory in medical education. The conversation explores the development of the Workplace Cognitive Load Tool, which measures how various workplace characteristics impact cognitive load and learning for medical trainees. The discussion highlights the impo
[13] The art of advocacy in medical education: making trouble the 'right way'
In this episode of KeyLIME+, Adam and resident guest co-host Adom Bondzi-Simpson engage in a thoughtful discussion with Dr. Chris Watling about the nuances of public advocacy in the fields of medicine and law. They explore the differences in how physicians and lawyers approach advocacy, the challenges faced by physicians in public advocacy, and the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration. T
[12] Avoid the trap of false growth mindset
In this episode, Adam discusses the complexities of growth mindset in medical education with guests Milad Memari and Katie Gavinski. They explore the differences between growth and fixed mindsets, the dangers of misapplying mindset theory, and the trap of false growth mindset. The conversation emphasizes practical strategies for educators to promote a growth mindset among learners, the challenge
[11] Challenging the status quo of CBME in Canada
In this episode of KeyLIME+, host Adam Szulewski and guest resident co-host Brij Karmur speak with Dr. Mary Ott to explore the complexities around both the theory and the implementation of Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) in Canada. They discuss the disconnects between the intended and enacted curriculum, the assessment burden on residents, and the need for adaptive responses to improve l
[10] How learning happens at one of the busiest air ambulance services in the world
In this episode, Dr. Tom Hurst, Medical Director of London HEMS and consultant in critical care at King's College Hospital, joins Adam to discuss the unique challenges and operations of London HEMS—a leading helicopter EMS service known for its rapid, high-acuity trauma response in London, England. Their conversation highlights the real-world application of medical education principles in a high-
[9] Debunking myths in education with Dr. Paul Kirschner
In this episode, Adam and Dr. Paul Kirschner discuss some of the biggest myths in education—like multitasking, learning styles, and the belief that Googling can replace knowledge. They dive into what sets experts apart from novices and explore how certain 'desirable difficulties'—those useful challenges in learning —actually improve long-term retention, even if they're tough to stomach. Leng
[8] Is applying to med school like playing the lottery?
In this episode we discuss the new admissions policy at the school of medicine at Queen's University, which now features a lottery system as part of its process. Adam speaks to the assistant dean of admissions, Dr. Peggy DeJong, about this change, which represents a first for Canadian medical schools. Length of Episode 28:33 Resources to check out : https://meds.queensu.ca/academics/
[7] Medical Education 2.0: Teaching tomorrow's doctors in an AI-world
Adam's guest today is Dr. Akshay Rajaram, a community emergency physician and AI expert. Our conversation about the impact of AI on medical education is inspired by a recent paper that Akshay wrote in the Canadian Medical Education Journal titled "Large Language models in medical education: new tools for experimentation and discovery". We are also joined by a resident co-host, Dr. Henry Li, who
[6] Part 2 "The good, the bad, and the future of CBME"
This episode is Part 2 of a live recording with Dr. Shiphra Ginsburg and Dr. David Taylor as they discuss their perspectives on CBME. In part 2, we touch on the assessment burden in CBME as well as the tone of the discourse around CBME in the literature. Adam moderates the discussion and provides his take on the topics covered at the end. Length of Episode: 38 minutes Resources to check o
[5] Part 1 "The good, the bad, and the future of CBME"
In this episode, Adam is joined by two med ed heavyweights, Dr. Shiphra Ginsburg and Dr. David Taylor, who discuss their views on CBME in Canada in front of a live audience of medical educators. In Part 1 of this lively discussion, our guests discuss whether using EPAs as the unit of measurement in CBME makes sense as well as the challenge of differentiating signal from noise in an assessment env
[4] A former federal Canadian Minister of Health's prescription for a healthier Canada
Adam invites Dr. Jane Philpott (the Dean of the Faculty of Health Sciences at Queen's University and former federal Minister of Health) to discuss the changes she's seen in medical education over her career thus far. Jane also talks about where she sees the field of medical education (as well as Canadian healthcare in general) moving forward in the coming years. Length of Episode: 35 minute
[3] Performance under pressure
Dr. Dan Dworkis joins us to discuss his perspective on performance under pressure and how it applies to teaching residents in clinical practice settings that are sometimes unpredictable and messy. We're also joined by a guest co-host, Dr. Julie La, who is a PGY5 general surgery resident and PhD student, who provides her perspective on the topic. Length of Episode: 47:50 Resources to ch
[2] Listening to podcasts while you exercise is an exercise in futility: fact or fiction?
Adam and guest resident co-host, Dr. Victoria Turnbull, interview Dr. Michael Gottlieb about a recent paper of his that should be relevant to anyone who listens to podcasts for learning. The paper looked at immediate and delayed recall of podcast content of residents listening to podcasts during aerobic exercise and at rest. We also discuss multitasking, cognitive load, and the way our brains mak
[1] Does the pursuit of excellence in medicine conflict with the pursuit of well-being?
Adam invites Dr. Lisa Rosenbaum to discuss her recent publication in the NEJM titled Being Well while Doing Well — Distinguishing Necessary from Unnecessary Discomfort in Training. This thought-provoking paper is the 3rd in a series of 4 essays in the NEJM by Dr. Rosenbaum. It's a social commentary on recent cultural and societal changes and their impact on medical education. We discuss L
[0] Introducing the New KeyLIME+ podcast
Meet your host Dr. Adam Szulewski
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